Acute Alcohol Effects on Impulsivity and Risk for Drinking and Driving

描述（由申请人提供）：饮酒后开车仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，特别是对年轻人来说，他们报告的饮酒和驾驶率最高。虽然政策的变化（最低法定饮酒年龄；本身的法律）已经成功地减少了饮酒和驾驶，个体差异因素使某些人在酒后驾驶。研究清楚地表明，冲动就是这样一个个体差异因素。然而，到目前为止，冲动性对酒后驾车的影响主要是通过对冲动性人格特征的问卷调查来研究的。此前没有研究调查过急性酒精对冲动行为测量的个体差异，以及它们与饮酒和驾驶行为的关系。拟议的项目将测试一个饮酒和驾驶的模型，作为酒精对两个冲动性结构的急性效应的影响：行为抑制（即，抑制/抑制行为的能力）和冲动性决策（即，根据时间和概率突发事件做出决策的能力）。参与者将从一项正在进行的纵向研究中抽取（PI: Kenneth Sher, R37 AA07231），该研究基于他们饮酒和驾驶行为的纵向过程。所有参与者将在两个实验阶段（酒精和无饮料控制）中完成多项冲动行为测量，并对他们的饮酒和驾驶行为以及饮酒和驾驶特有的风险变量进行为期3个月的随访评估。该项目有三个具体目标：1)测试清醒和醉酒冲动与酒后驾车行为和持续行为之间的联系。2)测试酒精对冲动的影响是如何被酒精使用的其他危险因素所缓和的。3)检验冲动与酒驾特定危险因素在决定酒驾行为中的相互作用。该项目的结果可以通过描述醉酒冲动在酒后驾驶决策中的作用来推进酒驾理论、研究和干预。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving after consuming alcohol continues to be a major public health problem, particularly for young adults, who report the highest rates of drinking and driving. Although changes in policy (minimum legal drinking age; per se laws) have been successful in reducing drinking and driving, individual difference factors predispose certain people to drive after drinking. Research clearly demonstrates that impulsivity is one such individual difference factor. However, to date the influence of impulsivity on drinking and driving has primarily been examined using questionnaire measures of impulsive personality traits. No previous study has examined individual differences in acute alcohol effects on behavioral measures of impulsivity and their association with drinking and driving behavior. The proposed project will test a model of drinking and driving as influenced by the acute effect of alcohol on two impulsivity constructs: behavioral inhibition (i.e., the ability to inhibit/suppress behavior) and impulsive decision making (i.e., the ability to make decisions in accordance with time and probability contingencies). Participants will be drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study (PI: Kenneth Sher, R37 AA07231) based on the longitudinal course of their drinking and driving behavior. All participants will complete multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity in two laboratory sessions (alcohol, no beverage control), as well as a 3 month follow-up assessment of their drinking and driving behavior and risk variables specific to drinking and driving. The proposed project has three specific aims: 1) Test the association of sober and intoxicated impulsivity with engagement in and persistence of drinking and driving. 2) Test how the effect of alcohol on impulsivity is moderated by other risk factors for alcohol use. 3) Test the interaction between impulsivity and risk factors specific to drinking and driving in determining drinking and driving behavior. Results of the proposed project can advance drinking and driving theory, research, and intervention by delineating the role of intoxicated impulsivity in drinking and driving decisions.