Acute Alcohol Effects on Impulsivity and Risk for Drinking and Driving

急性酒精对冲动和酒后驾驶风险的影响

• 批准号: 8451611
• 负责人: DENIS M MCCARTHY
• 金额: $ 28.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8451611
• 关键词: Acute; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Back; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Belief; Beverages; Cognition; Data; Decision Making; Education; Esthesia; High Prevalence; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Intoxication; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Laws; Limb structure; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Modeling; Participant; Personality Traits; Physiological; Policies; Predisposing Factor; Probability; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Role; Short-Term Memory; Testing; Time; TimeLine; Training; Vehicle crash; age group; alcohol effect; alcohol involvement; alcohol risk; base; behavior measurement; breath alcohol measurement; college; drinking; drinking behavior; driving behavior; experience; follow-up; improved; longitudinal course; minimum drinking age; public health relevance; sobriety; theories; trafficking; trait; treatment strategy; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving after consuming alcohol continues to be a major public health problem, particularly for young adults, who report the highest rates of drinking and driving. Although changes in policy (minimum legal drinking age; per se laws) have been successful in reducing drinking and driving, individual difference factors predispose certain people to drive after drinking. Research clearly demonstrates that impulsivity is one such individual difference factor. However, to date the influence of impulsivity on drinking and driving has primarily been examined using questionnaire measures of impulsive personality traits. No previous study has examined individual differences in acute alcohol effects on behavioral measures of impulsivity and their association with drinking and driving behavior. The proposed project will test a model of drinking and driving as influenced by the acute effect of alcohol on two impulsivity constructs: behavioral inhibition (i.e., the ability to inhibit/suppress behavior) and impulsive decision making (i.e., the ability to make decisions in accordance with time and probability contingencies). Participants will be drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study (PI: Kenneth Sher, R37 AA07231) based on the longitudinal course of their drinking and driving behavior. All participants will complete multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity in two laboratory sessions (alcohol, no beverage control), as well as a 3 month follow-up assessment of their drinking and driving behavior and risk variables specific to drinking and driving. The proposed project has three specific aims: 1) Test the association of sober and intoxicated impulsivity with engagement in and persistence of drinking and driving. 2) Test how the effect of alcohol on impulsivity is moderated by other risk factors for alcohol use. 3) Test the interaction between impulsivity and risk factors specific to drinking and driving in determining drinking and driving behavior. Results of the proposed project can advance drinking and driving theory, research, and intervention by delineating the role of intoxicated impulsivity in drinking and driving decisions.

描述（由申请人提供）：饮酒后开车仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，特别是对于报告饮酒率最高的年轻人而言。尽管政策的变化（最低法律饮酒年龄；本法律本身）在减少饮酒和驾驶方面已经成功，但个体差异因素使某些人在饮酒后易于驾驶。研究清楚地表明，冲动是这样的个体差异因素。然而，迄今为止，冲动性对饮酒和驾驶的影响主要是使用冲动性格特征的问卷调查的。先前没有研究检查了急性酒精对冲动行为度量及其与饮酒和驾驶行为的关联的个体差异。拟议的项目将测试受酒精对两种冲动性结构的急性影响的饮酒和驾驶模型：行为抑制（即抑制/抑制行为的能力）和冲动决策（即，根据时间和概率偶然性符合时间和概率的决定能力）。参与者将根据他们的饮酒和驾驶行为的纵向过程，从正在进行的纵向研究（PI：Kenneth Sher，R37 AA07231）中得知。所有参与者将在两个实验室会议（酒精，无饮料控制）中完成多种冲动行为度量，并对他们的饮酒和驾驶行为以及针对饮酒和驾驶的风险变量进行3个月的随访评估。拟议的项目具有三个特定的目标：1）测试清醒和陶醉的冲动与饮酒和驾驶持续性的关联。 2）测试饮酒的其他风险因素如何调节酒精对冲动的影响。 3）测试冲动性与饮酒和驾驶风险因素之间的相互作用，以确定饮酒和驾驶行为。拟议项目的结果可以通过描述陶醉的冲动性在饮酒和驱动决策中的作用来提高饮酒理论，研究和干预。