Acute Alcohol Effects on Impulsivity and Risk for Drinking and Driving

描述(申请人提供)：饮酒后驾驶仍然是一个主要的公共健康问题，特别是对年轻人来说，他们报告的酒后驾车率最高。尽管政策的改变(最低法定饮酒年龄；本身的法律)在减少酒后驾车方面取得了成功，但个体差异因素使某些人容易酒后驾车。研究清楚地表明，冲动是这样的个体差异因素之一。然而，到目前为止，冲动对酒后驾车的影响主要是通过冲动人格特征的问卷调查来检验的。之前还没有研究过急性酒精对冲动行为测量的个体差异，以及它们与酒后驾驶行为的关系。这项拟议的项目将测试一个酒后驾车模型，该模型受酒精对两种冲动结构的剧烈影响：行为抑制(即抑制/抑制行为的能力)和冲动决策(即根据时间和概率偶然性做出决定的能力)。参与者将从一项正在进行的纵向研究(PI：Kenneth Sher，R37 AA07231)中抽取，该研究基于他们饮酒和驾驶行为的纵向过程。所有参与者将在两个实验室会议中完成冲动的多种行为测量(酒精，不控制饮料)，以及对他们的酒后驾驶行为和特定于酒后驾驶的风险变量的3个月跟踪评估。拟议的项目有三个具体目标：1)测试清醒和醉酒的冲动与参与和持续酒后驾驶的关联。2)测试酒精对冲动的影响如何被酒精使用的其他风险因素所缓和。3)在确定酒后驾驶行为时，检验冲动与酒后驾驶特有的风险因素之间的交互作用。拟议项目的结果可以通过描绘醉酒冲动在酒后驾车决策中的作用来推动酒后驾车理论、研究和干预。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving after consuming alcohol continues to be a major public health problem, particularly for young adults, who report the highest rates of drinking and driving. Although changes in policy (minimum legal drinking age; per se laws) have been successful in reducing drinking and driving, individual difference factors predispose certain people to drive after drinking. Research clearly demonstrates that impulsivity is one such individual difference factor. However, to date the influence of impulsivity on drinking and driving has primarily been examined using questionnaire measures of impulsive personality traits. No previous study has examined individual differences in acute alcohol effects on behavioral measures of impulsivity and their association with drinking and driving behavior. The proposed project will test a model of drinking and driving as influenced by the acute effect of alcohol on two impulsivity constructs: behavioral inhibition (i.e., the ability to inhibit/suppress behavior) and impulsive decision making (i.e., the ability to make decisions in accordance with time and probability contingencies). Participants will be drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study (PI: Kenneth Sher, R37 AA07231) based on the longitudinal course of their drinking and driving behavior. All participants will complete multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity in two laboratory sessions (alcohol, no beverage control), as well as a 3 month follow-up assessment of their drinking and driving behavior and risk variables specific to drinking and driving. The proposed project has three specific aims: 1) Test the association of sober and intoxicated impulsivity with engagement in and persistence of drinking and driving. 2) Test how the effect of alcohol on impulsivity is moderated by other risk factors for alcohol use. 3) Test the interaction between impulsivity and risk factors specific to drinking and driving in determining drinking and driving behavior. Results of the proposed project can advance drinking and driving theory, research, and intervention by delineating the role of intoxicated impulsivity in drinking and driving decisions.