Neurocognitive Mechanisms and Recovery from Addiction

神经认知机制和成瘾恢复

• 批准号: 8389493
• 负责人: YIH-ING HSER
• 金额: $ 22.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8389493
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; Affect; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Chronic; Cocaine; Cocaine Dependence; Cognitive; Decision Making; Development; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Emotional; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gray unit of radiation dose; Human; Image; Imaging Techniques; Insula of Reil; Knowledge; Length; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Methamphetamine; Nature; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Nucleus Accumbens; Participant; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pilot Projects; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Public Health; Recovery; Relapse; Research; Resolution; Rest; Somatosensory Cortex; Speed; Staging; Structure; System; Techniques; Time; Training Programs; Uncertainty; Ventral Striatum; addiction; base; blood oxygen level dependent; brain metabolism; brain volume; cognitive function; cognitive training; cohort; density; gray matter; improved; neural circuit; relating to nervous system; response; reward processing; substance abuser; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Limited knowledge is available regarding the neurocognitive mechanism of decision-making and impulse control as a function of addiction and recovery. Yet the time course of brain changes and cognitive function during addiction and recovery may be critical to our ability to rationally target new treatments. Built upon a long-term cohort of cocaine-dependent users that have been prospectively followed by the applicants for more than 12 years, this pilot study will explore neurocognitive mechanisms associated with stages of addiction and recovery. The project will use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques to investigate structural areas of the brain known to play a key role in decision-making, impulse control, and reward processing, structural and functional connectivity of these regions, as well as the responses of these same key regions to decisions made by subjects under conditions of uncertainty. The volume and gray/white matter density of brain areas that are important for processing reward and emotional information, including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, insular and somatosensory cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate, will be quantified for each subject from high resolution MRI scans. In addition the fMRI BOLD responses of these regions will be measured when subjects perform decision-making tasks. DTI and resting state fMRI will allow us to assess structural and functional connectivity of the relevant brain regions. These measures will be compared across subjects at different stages of addiction and recovery to explore research questions regarding the length of abstinence from cocaine required for brain functioning to recover or approach normal. Specifically, we will compare (1) cocaine addicts versus non-cocaine-using or normal controls, and (2) those recovered at various stages versus those not recovered in terms of (a) brain volume and gray matter density in brain regions known to play a key role in processing emotional information and decision-making; (b) activity in neural systems belonging to the "reflective" system (e.g., the VMPFC, anterior cingulate); (c) activity in neural systems belonging to the "impulsive system" (e.g., amygdala, ventral striatum, insula) when these participants perform various decision-making tasks, (d) modulatory effects of insular activities, and (e) structural and functional connectivity of the relevant brain regions. The results of this project wll inform the development of a larger study to examine details on specific brain areas that are more directly affected by cocaine addiction and involved in the process of recovery, which will have implications for the development of cognitive training programs and medications that target the relevant brain structures. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Recovery from addiction is a slow process, and chronic relapse to drug abuse is a public health concern. The proposed study addresses this public health problem by improving our understanding of the time course of brain changes and cognitive function during addiction and recovery, which may suggest new treatments to promote early recovery or to speed up the recovery process.

描述（由申请人提供）：关于决策和冲动控制的神经认知机制的知识有限，这是成瘾和恢复的函数。然而，成瘾和恢复过程中大脑变化和认知功能的时间过程对于我们合理针对新治疗的能力可能至关重要。基于长期 前瞻性依赖可卡因的用户依赖于申请人超过12年，该试点研究将探索与成瘾和恢复阶段相关的神经认知机制。该项目将使用磁共振成像（MRI）技术来研究已知的大脑的结构区域，这些区域在决策，冲动控制和奖励处理，这些区域的结构和功能连接以及这些关键区域对受试者在不确定条件下对决策的反应的响应以及这些关键区域对决策的反应中起着关键作用。对于处理奖励和情感信息至关重要的大脑区域的体积和灰色/白质密度，包括Accumbens，杏仁核，二层和体感皮层，腹前额叶皮层以及前扣带动物以及高分辨率MRI SCANS的每个受试者的量化。此外，当受试者执行决策任务时，将测量这些区域的fMRI大胆响应。 DTI和静止状态fMRI将使我们能够评估相关大脑区域的结构和功能连通性。在成瘾和恢复阶段的不同阶段，将比较这些措施，以探讨有关大脑功能所需的可卡因以恢复或接近正常的可卡因的研究问题。具体而言，我们将比较（1）可卡因成瘾者与非可卡因或正常对照，以及（2）在各个阶段恢复的人与那些在（a）在（a）脑体积和灰质密度的未回收的大脑区域中未恢复的人，该地区已知在处理情感信息和决策方面起着关键作用； （b）属于“反射”系统的神经系统的活性（例如，VMPFC，前扣带回）； （c）属于神经系统的活动 当这些参与者执行各种决策任务时，“冲动系统”（例如，杏仁核，腹侧纹状体，岛状），（d）隔离活动的调节作用，以及（e）相关大脑区域的结构和功能连接性。该项目的结果将为一项更大的研究的发展提供了信息，以研究对可卡因成瘾更直接影响并参与恢复过程的特定大脑领域的细节，这将对针对相关大脑结构的认知训练计划和药物的发展产生影响。 公共卫生相关性：从成瘾中恢复是一个缓慢的过程，而慢性滥用滥用是公共卫生的关注。拟议的研究通过提高我们对成瘾和康复过程中大脑变化和认知功能的时间过程的理解来解决这一公共卫生问题，这可能建议新的治疗方法来促进早期康复或加快恢复过程。