American Indians, substance use, and HIV risk behaviors:Secondary data analysis o

美洲印第安人、物质使用和艾滋病毒危险行为：二次数据分析

• 批准号: 8396073
• 负责人: David Eitle
• 金额: $ 22.26万
• 依托单位: MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY - BOZEMAN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8396073
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; American; American Indians; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Case Study; Caucasoid Race; Child; Child Rearing; Communities; Comorbidity; Coupled; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Developmental Process; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Economics; Epidemiology; Ethnic group; Etiology; Evidence based intervention; Goals; Government; HIV; Health; Health Policy; Health Promotion; Individual; Knowledge; Lifestyle-related condition; Longitudinal Studies; Methods; Minority Groups; NIH Program Announcements; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Native Americans; Not Hispanic or Latino; Policies; Poverty; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Process; Public Health; Publishing; Race; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Respondent; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Sampling; Schools; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Characteristics; Social Environment; Strategic Planning; Stratification; Stress; Testing; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Wood material; Writing; Youth; abstracting; alcohol risk; base; contextual factors; coping; deviant; disorder prevention; effective intervention; environmental change; family structure; health care quality; health care service utilization; health disparity; improved; insight; neglect; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): American Indians, substance use, and HIV risk behaviors: Secondary data analysis of the Summary/Abstract While cumulative evidence clearly indicates that American Indians (AIs) are at a much greater risk of alcohol and illicit substance use/abuse and HIV risk behaviors than other racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., there has been a relative paucity of research that has attempted to explain such behavior, including the "race gap"-why AIs are at an elevated risk for such behaviors (relative to whites). And of the studies that have attempted to explain such behaviors among AIs, virtually none have employed a rich, nationally representative data set that follows adolescent respondents into adulthood. The present study forwards our knowledge by using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) data to examine risk and protective factors that serve to explain AI substance use and HIV risk behaviors, comorbid behaviors, and the aforementioned race gap. The long-term goal of this research team is to continue to explore how racial and economic stratification serves to produce health disparities and to facilitate the discovery and implementation of efficacious prevention and interventions to reduce such disparities. The objective of this application is threefold: a) to explore the antecedents of AI substance use and HIV risk behaviors by utilizing the Add Health data; b) to explore the role of contextual factors (school and community) that may directly or indirectly influence AI substance use and HIV risk behaviors; and c) to consider factors that may explain change, amplification, and/or desistance in such behaviors among AIs as they age into adulthood. The central hypothesis of this application is that differences in stress exposure, coupled with differences in coping, personal, and social resources will predict both individual and race-specific variation in substance use and HIV risk behaviors, with contextual factors serving to directly influence and moderate the stress-behavior association. The plan is to fill this knowledge gap by pursuing the following three aims: a) examine the risk and protective factors associated with AI substance use, HIV risk behaviors, comorbid behaviors, and the race gap using a longitudinally, nationally representative sample and informed by a stress process framework; b) analyze the direct and indirect (moderator) role of school and community contextual factors for understanding AI substance use, HIV risk behaviors, comorbid behaviors, and the race gap; and c) study longitudinal processes and factors associated with changes in AI substance use, HIV risk behaviors, comorbid behaviors, and the race gap using the four waves of the Add Health data (including the recently released Wave IV data). The proposed research is significant because it is expected to provide fundamental knowledge necessary in order to construct effective interventions and preventions that will reduce the AI-white race gap in substance use and HIV risk behaviors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project serves to help fill a critical gap in our knowledge regarding the etiology of substance use and HIV risk behaviors and have obvious implications for public health policy. Indeed, the results of this study are expected to produce a positive impact by 1) serving as a basis for developing and improving evidence-based intervention and prevention efforts that can reduce health disparities between AIs and whites, 2) helping to identify the personal and social characteristics and the social risk and protective factors that can be used to distinguish at-risk youth most in need of intervention/prevention efforts across AI and white youth, and 3) identifying the unique social contexts where public health promotion campaigns can have the greatest impact.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国印第安人，物质使用和艾滋病毒风险行为：摘要/摘要的次要数据分析虽然累积的证据清楚地表明，美国印第安人（AI）的酒精和非法物质使用/滥用和艾滋病毒风险行为的风险比美国其他种族和族裔群体大得多，一直以来，试图解释这种行为的研究相对较少，包括“种族差距”--为什么人工智能的这种行为风险较高（相对于白人）。在试图解释人工智能中这些行为的研究中，几乎没有一个采用了丰富的、具有全国代表性的数据集，跟踪青少年受访者到成年。本研究通过使用国家青少年健康纵向研究（添加健康）数据来研究有助于解释人工智能物质使用和艾滋病毒风险行为、共病行为以及上述种族差距的风险和保护因素，从而推进了我们的知识。该研究小组的长期目标是继续探索种族和经济分层如何产生健康差异，并促进发现和实施有效的预防和干预措施，以减少这种差异。该应用程序的目标有三个方面：a）利用Add Health数据探索AI物质使用和HIV风险行为的前因; B）探索背景因素的作用（学校和社区）可能直接或间接影响AI物质使用和HIV风险行为;及c）考虑可解释认可机构在步入成年后，其上述行为出现改变、扩大及/或停止的因素。这个应用程序的中心假设是，压力暴露的差异，再加上应对，个人和社会资源的差异，将预测个人和种族的物质使用和艾滋病毒的风险行为的变化，与上下文因素直接影响和缓和的压力行为协会。该计划通过追求以下三个目标来填补这一知识空白：a）使用纵向，全国代表性样本并通过压力过程框架了解与AI物质使用，HIV风险行为，共病行为和种族差距相关的风险和保护因素; B）分析直接和间接（主持人）学校和社区背景因素在理解AI物质使用、HIV风险行为、共病行为和种族差距方面的作用; c）使用Add Health数据的四个波（包括最近发布的Wave IV数据）研究与AI物质使用、HIV风险行为、共病行为和种族差距变化相关的纵向过程和因素。这项研究意义重大，因为它有望提供必要的基础知识，以构建有效的干预和预防措施，减少人工智能-白人种族在物质使用和艾滋病毒风险行为方面的差距。 公共卫生关系：拟议的项目有助于填补我们对物质使用和艾滋病毒风险行为的病因学知识的关键空白，并对公共卫生政策有明显的影响。事实上，这项研究的结果预计将产生积极的影响，1）作为发展和改善循证干预和预防工作的基础，可以减少人工智能和白人之间的健康差距，2）协助识别个人和社会特征，以及社会风险和保护因素，以区分最需要介入的边缘青少年; AI和白色青年的预防工作，以及3）确定公共卫生促进活动可以产生最大影响的独特社会环境。