Project 4: Arsenic and Manganese Mobility: Land Use, Redox Shifts

项目 4：砷和锰的流动性：土地利用、氧化还原变化

• 批准号: 8254503
• 负责人: CHARLES F HARVEY
• 金额: $ 21.33万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8254503
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Affect; Architecture; Arsenic; Bangladesh; Beds; Binding Sites; Biological Markers; Biological Monitoring; Catchment Area; Characteristics; Chemical Evolution; Chemicals; Chemistry; Communities; Data; Deposition; Effectiveness; Evolution; Exposure to; Floods; Flushing; Food; Foreign Aid; Future; Geology; Hour; Household; Human; Human Activities; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Intervention; Irrigation; Lead; Location; Manganese; Measures; Metal exposure; Metals; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Oxidation-Reduction; Pattern; Physics; Population; Process; Public Health; Pump; Research; Residual state; Resources; Rice; Rivers; Sampling; Seasons; Silicon Dioxide; Site; Solubility; Source; Superfund; Surface; System; Testing; Thick; Time; Water; Work; World Health Organization; cohort; design; drinking water; effective intervention; experience; falls; improved; insight; land use; models and simulation; neurodevelopment; predictive modeling; research study; residence; response; sensor; solute; toxic metal

Over the last decade we have gained a detailed understanding of the static geochemical characteristics of arsenic and manganese contaminated aquifers and have characterized the rapid response of sediment to artificial chemical perturbations in incubation experiments. However, remarkably little is known about the basic aspects of hydrogeology that are vital for understanding the evolution of groundwater chemistry along flow paths that are contaminated by these metals. We do not know how the solute fluxes that drive manganese and arsenic mobility enter the aquifer, what patterns groundwater flow follows, or how solutes mix across different flow paths. Little is known about deeper groundwater flow, and basic issues such as the significance of regional flow and groundwater pumping are still controversial. In the proposed research, we will combine networks of sensors and geophysical imaging techniques with three-dimensional groundwater flow and transport models to characterized changing subsurface conditions. We will observe how subsurface conditions may be altered by installation of community supply wells, the most common approach to providing safe water, and we will develop predictive models for future shifts in groundwater chemistry. Our results will provide insight into the processes that cause metal mobilization from sediments, and will enable better management of contaminated groundwater.

在过去的十年中，我们对砷和锰污染的含水层的静态地球化学特征有了详细的了解，并在孵化实验中表征了沉积物对人工化学扰动的快速响应。然而，人们对水文地质学的基本方面知之甚少，而这些基本方面对于理解受这些金属污染的流动路径上的地下水化学演化至关重要。我们不知道驱动锰和砷迁移的溶质通量如何进入含水层，地下水流遵循什么模式，或者溶质如何在不同的流动路径中混合。人们对深层地下水流知之甚少，区域流的意义和地下水抽水等基本问题仍存在争议。在拟议的研究中，我们将把传感器网络和地球物理成像技术与三维地下水流和传输模型结合起来，以表征不断变化的地下条件。我们将观察安装社区供水井（提供安全水的最常见方法）如何改变地下条件，并且我们将为地下水化学的未来变化开发预测模型。 我们的研究结果将深入了解导致沉积物中金属流动的过程，并将有助于更好地管理受污染的地下水。