Project 4: Arsenic and Manganese Mobility: Land Use, Redox Shifts

项目 4：砷和锰的流动性：土地利用、氧化还原变化

• 批准号: 8451459
• 负责人: CHARLES F HARVEY
• 金额: $ 18.9万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8451459
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Affect; Architecture; Arsenic; Bangladesh; Beds; Binding Sites; Biological Markers; Biological Monitoring; Catchment Area; Characteristics; Chemical Evolution; Chemicals; Chemistry; Communities; Data; Deposition; Effectiveness; Evolution; Exposure to; Floods; Flushing; Food; Foreign Aid; Future; Geology; Hour; Household; Human; Human Activities; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Intervention; Irrigation; Lead; Location; Manganese; Measures; Metal exposure; Metals; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Oxidation-Reduction; Pattern; Physics; Population; Process; Public Health; Pump; Research; Residual state; Resources; Rice; Rivers; Sampling; Seasons; Silicon Dioxide; Site; Solubility; Source; Superfund; Surface; System; Testing; Thick; Time; Water; Work; World Health Organization; cohort; design; drinking water; effective intervention; experience; falls; improved; insight; land use; models and simulation; neurodevelopment; predictive modeling; research study; residence; response; sensor; solute; toxic metal

Over the last decade we have gained a detailed understanding of the static geochemical characteristics of arsenic and manganese contaminated aquifers and have characterized the rapid response of sediment to artificial chemical perturbations in incubation experiments. However, remarkably little is known about the basic aspects of hydrogeology that are vital for understanding the evolution of groundwater chemistry along flow paths that are contaminated by these metals. We do not know how the solute fluxes that drive manganese and arsenic mobility enter the aquifer, what patterns groundwater flow follows, or how solutes mix across different flow paths. Little is known about deeper groundwater flow, and basic issues such as the significance of regional flow and groundwater pumping are still controversial. In the proposed research, we will combine networks of sensors and geophysical imaging techniques with three-dimensional groundwater flow and transport models to characterized changing subsurface conditions. We will observe how subsurface conditions may be altered by installation of community supply wells, the most common approach to providing safe water, and we will develop predictive models for future shifts in groundwater chemistry. Our results will provide insight into the processes that cause metal mobilization from sediments, and will enable better management of contaminated groundwater.

在过去的十年中，我们已经获得了详细的了解砷和锰污染的含水层的静态地球化学特征，并在孵化实验中的人工化学扰动的沉积物的快速响应的特点。然而，对水文地质学的基本方面知之甚少，而这些方面对于理解被这些金属污染的地下水沿着流动路径的化学演化至关重要。我们不知道驱动锰和砷流动性的溶质通量如何进入含水层，地下水流遵循什么模式，或者溶质如何在不同的流动路径中混合。人们对深层地下水流动知之甚少，区域流动和地下水抽取的意义等基本问题仍有争议。在拟议的研究中，我们将结合联合收割机网络的传感器和地球物理成像技术与三维地下水流和运输模型，以表征不断变化的地下条件。我们将观察如何地下条件可能会改变安装社区供应威尔斯，最常见的方法来提供安全的水，我们将开发预测模型，在地下水化学的未来变化。 我们的研究结果将提供深入了解的过程中，导致金属动员沉积物，并将使更好地管理受污染的地下水。