Evolution of interactions between Wolbachia and its hosts: Drosophila model syste

沃尔巴克氏体与其宿主之间相互作用的演变：果蝇模型系统

• 批准号: 8421766
• 负责人: Michael Turelli
• 金额: $ 37.82万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-20 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8421766
• 关键词: Accounting; Age; American; Australia; Bacteria; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Biology; California; Cells; Cellular biology; Complement; Culicidae; Dengue; Disease; Disease Vectors; Drosophila genus; Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution; Embryo; Event; Evolution; Exhibits; Female; Fertility; Foundations; Frequencies; Genetic; Genome; Genomics; Goals; Haplotypes; Human; Infection; Inherited; Insecta; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Longevity; Maintenance; Malaria; Microinjections; Mitochondrial DNA; Modeling; Molecular; Nature; North America; Partner in relationship; Phylogeny; Population; Population Biology; Population Dynamics; Population Study; Reproduction; Research; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Variant; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Vertical Disease Transmission; Virus; Walkers; West Nile virus; Wolbachia; Work; base; comparative genomics; disease transmission; field survey; fitness; health application; human disease; invertebrate host; killings; male; mortality; mutualism; pathogen; population survey; public health relevance; reproductive; research study; tool; transmission process; vector mosquito

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project: Evolution of interactions between Wolbachia and its hosts: Drosophila model systems. Project Summary: Wolbachia are bacteria that live inside cells of their invertebrate hosts. They are generally maternally transmitted and often spread through populations by manipulating host reproduction. Their most commonly documented reproductive manipulation is "cytoplasmic incompatibility" (CI), increased embryo mortality when infected males mate with uninfected females. CI drives Wolbachia into populations and is being used to introduce into natural mosquito populations Wolbachia strains that suppress disease-causing viruses (particularly dengue fever). With their ability to block pathogen transmission, Wolbachia hold significant promise for controlling many diseases transmitted between humans by insects, including malaria and West Nile virus. Because Wolbachia are maternally inherited, they evolve to help their hosts survive and reproduce, for instance, by suppressing pathogens and increasing host fecundity. Conversely, because Wolbachia reproductive manipulations kill embryos, hosts may evolve to suppress these deleterious effects (without compromising beneficial effects). Health applications of Wolbachia depend on understanding their spread in nature and the potential for rapid Wolbachia-host coevolution. Knowledge of Wolbachia-host interactions in nature is limited to a handful of model systems. Wolbachia infections of Drosophila provide paradigms for understanding rapid spatial spread of Wolbachia, coevolutionary change, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena. Two of the best understood Wolbachia infections are those in D. simulans (especially wRi) and D. melanogaster (wMel). These infections persist in nature by fundamentally different mechanisms, with only wRi-simulans fully explained. Yet, the wMel-melanogaster association is apparently much older. This project aims to develop a deep understanding of Wolbachia population dynamics and evolution by: (1) expanding field and laboratory analyses of wRi-simulans and wMel-melanogaster, and (2) describing Wolbachia-host interactions and coevolution using at least 30 additional Drosophila species with Wolbachia infections. Tools from genomics, cell biology and evolutionary genetics, already optimized for Drosophila, will be used to study population and evolutionary dynamics in nature. For instance, microinjection techniques will move Wolbachia between Drosophila species and disentangle Wolbachia from host effects. Over the past 20 years, wRi and wMel have spread in Australia, and wRi has evolved in California. These current events provide a unique opportunity to follow population and evolutionary dynamics in action. Over 30 additional Drosophila species, known to carry Wolbachia, will be studied in detail to understand more generally the trajectory, time-scale and mechanisms of coevolution between Wolbachia and their hosts. The proposed research, based on a combination of field surveys, field and laboratory experiments, comparative genomics and lab assays of phenotypic effects, will provide the foundation for understanding likely Wolbachia trajectories in other systems, including applications to mosquito vectors of disease.

描述（由申请人提供）： 项目：沃尔巴克氏体与其宿主之间相互作用的演变：果蝇模型系统。项目概述：沃尔巴克氏体是一种生活在无脊椎动物宿主细胞内的细菌。它们通常通过母体传播，并经常通过操纵宿主生殖在人群中传播。它们最常被记录的生殖操纵是“细胞质不相容性”（CI），当感染的雄性与未感染的雌性交配时，胚胎死亡率增加。CI将沃尔巴克氏体引入种群，并被用于将抑制致病病毒（特别是登革热）的沃尔巴克氏体菌株引入自然蚊子种群。由于它们能够阻止病原体传播，沃尔巴克氏体在控制人类之间通过昆虫传播的许多疾病方面具有重要的前景，包括疟疾和西尼罗河病毒。由于沃尔巴克氏体是母系遗传的，它们的进化有助于宿主的生存和繁殖，例如，通过抑制病原体和增加宿主的繁殖力。相反，由于沃尔巴克氏体的生殖操作会杀死胚胎，宿主可能会进化到抑制这些有害影响（而不会损害有益影响）。沃尔巴克氏体的健康应用取决于了解它们在自然界中的传播以及沃尔巴克氏体与宿主快速共同进化的潜力。自然界中沃尔巴克氏体-宿主相互作用的知识仅限于少数模型系统。果蝇的沃尔巴克氏体感染提供了理解沃尔巴克氏体的快速空间传播，共同进化的变化，以及这些现象背后的分子机制的范例。两个最好的了解沃尔巴克氏体感染是那些在D。simulans（尤其是wRi）和D. melanogaster（wMel）。这些感染通过根本不同的机制在自然界中持续存在，只有wRi-simulans得到了充分的解释。然而，wMel-黑腹动物协会显然更古老。该项目旨在通过以下方式深入了解沃尔巴克氏体种群动态和进化：（1）扩大对wRi-simulans和wMel-melanogaster的实地和实验室分析，以及（2）使用至少30种其他感染沃尔巴克氏体的果蝇物种描述沃尔巴克氏体-宿主相互作用和共同进化。基因组学、细胞生物学和进化遗传学的工具已经针对果蝇进行了优化，将用于研究自然界的种群和进化动态。例如，显微注射技术将在果蝇物种之间移动沃尔巴克氏体，并将沃尔巴克氏体从宿主效应中解脱出来。在过去的20年里，wRi和wMel在澳大利亚传播，wRi在加州发展。这些当前的事件提供了一个独特的机会，以遵循人口和进化动力学的行动。超过30个已知携带沃尔巴克氏体的果蝇物种将被详细研究，以更全面地了解沃尔巴克氏体与宿主之间共同进化的轨迹、时间尺度和机制。拟议的研究基于实地调查，实地和实验室实验，比较基因组学和表型效应的实验室测定相结合，将为了解其他系统中可能的沃尔巴克氏体轨迹提供基础，包括应用于疾病的蚊子媒介。