Evolution of interactions between Wolbachia and its hosts: Drosophila model syste

沃尔巴克氏体与其宿主之间相互作用的演变：果蝇模型系统

基本信息

批准号：
9126575
负责人：
Michael Turelli
金额：
$ 39.46万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-20 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9126575
关键词：
Accounting Age American Australia Bacteria Biological Assay Biological Models Biology California Cells Cellular biology Complement Culicidae Dengue Disease Disease Vectors Drosophila genus Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution Embryo Event Evolution Exhibits Female Fertility Foundations Frequencies Genetic Genome Goals Haplotypes Health Human Infection Inherited Insecta Knowledge Laboratories Life Longevity Maintenance Malaria Microinjections Mitochondrial DNA Modeling Molecular Nature North America Partner in relationship Phylogeny Population Population Biology Population Dynamics Reproduction Research System Techniques Testing Time Variant Vector-transmitted infectious disease Vertical Disease Transmission Virus Walkers West Nile virus Wolbachia Work base comparative genomics disease transmission field survey fitness genomic tools genomic variation health application human disease invertebrate host killings laboratory experiment male mortality mutualism pathogen population survey reproductive research study study population transmission process vector mosquito

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project: Evolution of interactions between Wolbachia and its hosts: Drosophila model systems. Project Summary: Wolbachia are bacteria that live inside cells of their invertebrate hosts. They are generally maternally transmitted and often spread through populations by manipulating host reproduction. Their most commonly documented reproductive manipulation is "cytoplasmic incompatibility" (CI), increased embryo mortality when infected males mate with uninfected females. CI drives Wolbachia into populations and is being used to introduce into natural mosquito populations Wolbachia strains that suppress disease-causing viruses (particularly dengue fever). With their ability to block pathogen transmission, Wolbachia hold significant promise for controlling many diseases transmitted between humans by insects, including malaria and West Nile virus. Because Wolbachia are maternally inherited, they evolve to help their hosts survive and reproduce, for instance, by suppressing pathogens and increasing host fecundity. Conversely, because Wolbachia reproductive manipulations kill embryos, hosts may evolve to suppress these deleterious effects (without compromising beneficial effects). Health applications of Wolbachia depend on understanding their spread in nature and the potential for rapid Wolbachia-host coevolution. Knowledge of Wolbachia-host interactions in nature is limited to a handful of model systems. Wolbachia infections of Drosophila provide paradigms for understanding rapid spatial spread of Wolbachia, coevolutionary change, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena. Two of the best understood Wolbachia infections are those in D. simulans (especially wRi) and D. melanogaster (wMel). These infections persist in nature by fundamentally different mechanisms, with only wRi-simulans fully explained. Yet, the wMel-melanogaster association is apparently much older. This project aims to develop a deep understanding of Wolbachia population dynamics and evolution by: (1) expanding field and laboratory analyses of wRi-simulans and wMel-melanogaster, and (2) describing Wolbachia-host interactions and coevolution using at least 30 additional Drosophila species with Wolbachia infections. Tools from genomics, cell biology and evolutionary genetics, already optimized for Drosophila, will be used to study population and evolutionary dynamics in nature. For instance, microinjection techniques will move Wolbachia between Drosophila species and disentangle Wolbachia from host effects. Over the past 20 years, wRi and wMel have spread in Australia, and wRi has evolved in California. These current events provide a unique opportunity to follow population and evolutionary dynamics in action. Over 30 additional Drosophila species, known to carry Wolbachia, will be studied in detail to understand more generally the trajectory, time-scale and mechanisms of coevolution between Wolbachia and their hosts. The proposed research, based on a combination of field surveys, field and laboratory experiments, comparative genomics and lab assays of phenotypic effects, will provide the foundation for understanding likely Wolbachia trajectories in other systems, including applications to mosquito vectors of disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：项目：Wolbachia及其宿主之间相互作用的演变：果蝇模型系统。项目摘要：Wolbachia是生活在其无脊椎动物宿主细胞内的细菌。它们通常是在母亲传播的，并且经常通过操纵宿主繁殖而通过种群传播。它们最常见的生殖操作是“细胞质不相容性”（CI），当感染未感染的雌性的男性时，胚胎死亡率增加。 CI将Wolbachia驱动到人群中，并被用于将自然蚊子引入Wolbachia菌株，以抑制引起疾病的病毒（尤其是登革热）。 Wolbachia具有阻止病原体传播的能力，可以控制昆虫（包括疟疾和西尼罗河病毒）在人类之间传播的许多疾病。由于沃尔巴基亚是母亲继承的，因此它们发展以帮助他们的宿主生存和繁殖，例如，通过抑制病原体和增加宿主的繁殖力。相反，由于Wolbachia生殖操纵杀死了胚胎，因此宿主可能会演变成抑制这些有害影响（而不会损害有益效果）。沃尔巴基亚的健康应用取决于了解其在性质中的传播以及快速沃尔巴基亚主持人协同进化的潜力。自然界中Wolbachia-Host相互作用的知识仅限于少数模型系统。果蝇的Wolbachia感染提供了理解Wolbachia，协同进化变化和这些现象背后的分子机制的快速空间扩散的范例。沃尔巴奇（Wolbachia）感染中有两个最好的感染是D. simulans（尤其是WRI）和D. melanogaster（WMEL）中的感染。这些感染在本质上是通过根本不同的机制持续存在的，只有Wri-Simulans完全解释了。然而，WMEL-Melanogaster协会显然年龄较大。该项目旨在通过以下方式深入了解Wolbachia人口动态和进化：（1）对Wri-Simulans和Wmel-Melanogaster的领域和实验室分析扩展，以及（2）使用至少30种与Wolbachachia Invellectection的果蝇相互作用，并描述Wolbachia-Host的相互作用和共同进化。基因组学，细胞生物学和进化遗传学的工具已经针对果蝇进行了优化，将用于研究自然界中的人群和进化动力学。例如，微注射技术将在果蝇物种之间移动沃尔巴氏菌，并从宿主效应中解散沃尔巴基亚。在过去的20年中，WRI和WMEL在澳大利亚蔓延，WRI在加利福尼亚发展。这些当前事件为遵循人口和进化动态的独特机会提供了独特的机会。将详细研究超过30种其他已知携带沃尔巴氏菌的果蝇物种，以更广泛地了解沃尔巴基亚与宿主之间共同进化的轨迹，时间尺度和机制。拟议的研究基于现场调查，现场和实验室实验，比较基因组学和表型效应的实验室测定的结合，将为理解其他系统中可能的Wolbachia轨迹提供基础，包括对蚊子疾病媒介的应用。