Project 2: The Role of Risk and Benefit Perceptions in Tobacco Control p194-230

项目 2：风险和利益认知在烟草控制中的作用 p194-230

• 批准号: 8592263
• 负责人: Bonnie L Halpern-Felsher
• 金额: $ 31.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-19 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8592263
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Advertising; Age; Behavior; Benefits and Risks; Cessation of life; Cigar; Cigarette; Data Collection; Exposure to; Image; Instruction; Internet; Label; Longitudinal Studies; Marketing; Measures; Modeling; Pattern; Perception; Regulation; Relapse; Research; Role; Sampling; Science; Shapes; Smokeless Tobacco; Smoking; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco use; addiction; base; cohort; contextual factors; design; disorder risk; high school; improved; novel; prospective; risk perception; snus; tobacco advertising; tobacco control; tool; young adult

Tobacco companies have developed and implemented advertising and marketing efforts to reduce perceptions of harm associated with tobacco use, increase perceptions that tobacco is socially acceptable, and encourage and sustain use of tobacco. Many marketing strategies have particulariy focused on adolescents and young adults. There are gaps in the science concerning 1) how perceptions influence tobacco use among adolescents and young adults, including changes in patterns of tobacco use from initiation to regular use, cessation, relapse, product switching, or dual use; 2) the role of pro- and anti- tobacco messages on perceptions of new tobacco products such as e-cigarettes, cigarillos, smokeless tobacco, snus, dissolvables, compressed tobacco, and emerging products that come on the market during the course ofthis research; and 3) the specific mechanisms by which marketing messages change tobacco- related perceptions, perceived acceptability ofthe product, and tobacco use behaviors. Prospective, longitudinal studies using frequent assessments and comprehensive measures of tobacco use, perceptions and marketing are needed to provide specific scientific evidence about how marketing shapes decisions to use and stop using different tobacco products. This information will inform FDA regulation ofthe marketing and promotion of conventional, new, and emerging tobacco products. This study will fill gaps in the science base by developing and testing a comprehensive model concerning the relationships among pro- and anti- tobacco marketing messages, perceptions of tobacco risks and benefits, perceived product acceptability, and patterns of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults. We will address these gaps and develop and test our model by using a longitudinal cohort design with a sample of 1,000 ninth graders followed through high school and another sample of 1,000 twelfth graders followed into young adulthood to 1) determine adolescents' and young adults' perceptions of risk for disease, addiction, and death; acceptability; and benefits of using conventional, new, and emerging tobacco products that come on the market during the course ofthis research; 2) determine the predictive relationships among perceptions of tobacco-related risks, benefits, and acceptability of tobacco products, and the onset, continuation, cessation, relapse, switching, and dual use of tobacco products; and 3) identify contextual factors (exposure to pro-tobacco media, anti- tobacco media, warning labels, and smoking images in the media and on the Internet) that influence perceptions of risks, benefits, acceptability, and subsequent tobacco use. RELEVANCE (See instructions^; The proposed project will make novel and important contributions to our understanding of how tobacco marketing impacts risk perceptions and ultimately tobacco use among adolescents and young adults. There are currently no prospective, longitudinal studies using theoretically informed data collection tools that can identify predictive relationships among perceptions, pro-tobacco marketing, anti-tobacco messages, warning labels, and patterns of adolescents' and young adults' tobacco use. The proposed study will explore smoking patterns and predictors in a critical but understudied age cohort: young adults. .

烟草公司制定并实施了广告和营销措施， 对烟草使用相关危害的认识，增加了对烟草为社会所接受的认识， 并鼓励和维持烟草的使用。许多营销策略都特别关注 青少年和年轻人。关于1）感知如何影响 青少年和年轻人吸烟情况，包括吸烟模式的变化， 开始定期使用，停止，复发，产品转换或双重使用; 2）亲和抗- 关于电子烟、小雪茄、无烟烟等新烟草产品的看法的烟草信息 烟草，鼻烟，溶解，压缩烟草，以及在市场上出现的新兴产品， 3）营销信息改变烟草的具体机制-- 相关认知、感知的产品可接受性和烟草使用行为。有前途， 使用频繁评估和烟草使用综合措施的纵向研究， 和营销需要提供具体的科学证据，关于营销如何塑造决策， 使用和停止使用不同的烟草产品。这些信息将告知FDA对营销的监管 以及推广传统、新型和新兴烟草产品。这项研究将填补科学上的空白 通过开发和测试一个关于赞成和反对之间关系的综合模型， 烟草营销信息、对烟草风险和益处的认识、对产品可接受性的认识， 以及青少年和年轻人的烟草使用模式。我们将解决这些差距， 并通过使用纵向队列设计对1,000名九年级学生的样本进行了测试 另一个1,000名12年级学生的样本在进入成年后， 确定青少年和年轻人对疾病、成瘾和死亡风险的看法;可接受性; 使用传统的，新的和新兴的烟草产品的好处，在市场上， 本研究的过程; 2）确定烟草相关风险感知之间的预测关系， 烟草制品的益处和可接受性，以及烟草制品的开始、持续、停止、复发、转换， 和烟草制品的双重使用; 3）确定背景因素（接触亲烟草媒体， 烟草媒体、警告标签以及媒体和互联网上的吸烟图像）， 对风险、益处、可接受性和随后的烟草使用的看法。 相关性（参见说明^; 拟议中的项目将为我们了解烟草如何 营销影响风险认知，并最终影响青少年和年轻人的烟草使用。那里 目前还没有前瞻性的纵向研究，使用理论上知情的数据收集工具， 确定感知、支持烟草的营销、反烟草信息、警告 标签和青少年和年轻人的烟草使用模式。这项拟议中的研究将探讨吸烟 在一个关键但研究不足的年龄组中的模式和预测因素：年轻人。.