Brain Imaging Studies of Negative Reinforcement in Humans

人类负强化的脑成像研究

• 批准号: 8515375
• 负责人: KEVIN S LABAR
• 金额: $ 35.95万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8515375
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Adopted; Affective; Animal Model; Animals; Anxiety; Arousal; Association Learning; Avoidance Learning; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Brain; Brain imaging; Clinical Trials; Clip; Computer Graphics; Corpus striatum structure; Crying; Development; Drug Addiction; Drug usage; Emerging Technologies; Emotional; Environment; Exhibits; Exploratory Behavior; Floor; Food; Frequencies; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Glass; Goals; Goggles; Hand; Head; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Immersion Investigative Technique; Incentives; Individual Differences; Investigation; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Left; Length; Life; Link; Literature; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maintenance; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Moods; Movement; Negative Reinforcements; Neurobiology; Operant Conditioning; Outcome; Participant; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Positive Reinforcer; Process; Property; Psychological reinforcement; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Relapse; Relative (related person); Research; Retrieval; Rewards; Series; Shock; Side; Simulate; Specific qualifier value; Stimulus; Stress; System; Task Performances; Technology; Time; Training; Translating; Update; Water; avoidance behavior; base; cognitive neuroscience; drug addict; environmental stressor; experience; indexing; innovation; long term memory; memory process; movie; multisensory; negative mood; neural circuit; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; novel; pleasure; reinforcer; relating to nervous system; repaired; research study; response; simulation; stereoscopic; stressor; trait; virtual; virtual reality

A major challenge to treating drug addiction is understanding how learned associations to aversive reinforcers promote avoidant behavior and trigger the onset and relapse of drug use. Studies in non-human animals have begun to elucidate the neurobehavioral mechanisms of avoidance learning, but there have been few efforts to translate these findings to human populations. Neuroplastic brain mechanisms that support long-term memory formation are hypothesized to alter the representations of stimuli and strengthen contextual associations as a function of their incentive properties. The proposed research adopts a cognitive neuroscience perspective to characterize how motivational brain systems modulate declarative memory formation in humans and lead to behavioral avoidance. Although human declarative memory is traditionally probed using list- learning paradigms, recent advances in computer graphics interfaces and immersive virtual reality (VR) technology permit the development of novel navigational avoidance tasks that provide a tighter link with the animal literature and more closely model real-world avoidant behaviors exhibited by drug addicts in response to environmental stressors. Healthy participants will undergo a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that present reinforcing stimuli within the context of both traditional list-learning and novel VR-based navigational learning and memory tasks. The first series of experiments compares the influence of appetitive versus aversive instrumental reinforcers on declarative memory systems. The second series of experiments determines how negative mood states amplify the mnemonic effects of the incentive properties of instrumental reinforcers and motivate reward-seeking ("relief") as a form of mood repair. The third series of experiments develops a multisensory, immersive VR paradigm that simulates stress-induced avoidance and escape on a naturalistic memory task that combines navigational and list-learning approaches. Functional connectivity modeling, in combination with multiple regression and independent components analyses, will characterize the interactions of motivational and memory systems and their relationship to individual differences in behavioral performance indices and trait markers of avoidance. The proposed studies thus represent a systematic and innovative approach to human avoidance learning that combines cutting-edge VR technology and functional neuroimaging methods. The research findings will bridge a translational gap in understanding how positive reinforcers, mood states, and stressors modify the impact of aversive behavioral consequences on learning and memory systems that help establish internal maps of salient features of the environment.

治疗毒瘾的一个主要挑战是了解如何习得与厌恶强化物的关联 促进回避行为并引发吸毒的发作和复发。对非人类动物的研究 开始阐明回避学习的神经行为机制，但很少有人做出努力 将这些发现转化为人类。支持长期的神经可塑性大脑机制 假设记忆形成可以改变刺激的表征并加强情境 协会作为其激励属性的函数。拟议的研究采用认知神经科学 描述动机大脑系统如何调节人类陈述性记忆形成的观点 并导致行为回避。尽管人类的陈述性记忆传统上是使用列表来探​​测的 学习范式、计算机图形界面和沉浸式虚拟现实 (VR) 的最新进展 技术允许开发新颖的导航回避任务，从而提供与 动物文献更接近地模拟了现实世界中吸毒者表现出的回避行为 环境压力源。健康的参与者将接受一系列功能性磁共振检查 在传统列表学习和新颖的背景下呈现强化刺激的成像研究 基于 VR 的导航学习和记忆任务。第一个系列的实验比较了 陈述性记忆系统中的食欲与厌恶性工具强化物。第二个系列 实验确定了负面情绪状态如何放大激励属性的助记效果 工具性强化物并激发寻求奖励（“缓解”）作为情绪修复的一种形式。第三个系列 实验开发了一种多感官、沉浸式 VR 范式，可以模拟压力引起的回避和 逃避结合了导航和列表学习方法的自然记忆任务。功能性 连通性建模与多元回归和独立成分分析相结合，将 描述动机和记忆系统的相互作用及其与个体的关系 行为表现指数和回避特征标记的差异。因此拟议的研究 代表了一种系统的、创新的人类回避学习方法，结合了尖端的 VR 技术和功能神经影像方法。研究结果将弥合转化差距 了解积极的强化物、情绪状态和压力源如何改变厌恶行为的影响 对学习和记忆系统的影响，有助于建立显着特征的内部图谱 环境。