Project 6: PAHs in Highly Exposed Populations: Composition, Exposure and

项目 6：高度暴露人群中的多环芳烃：成分、暴露和

• 批准号: 8375921
• 负责人: Staci L Simonich
• 金额: $ 32.04万
• 依托单位: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8375921
• 关键词: Aerosols; Age; Aging; Air; American Indians; Americas; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Asia; Asians; Binding; Biological Assay; Biomass; Burn injury; China; Chinese People; Coal; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Data; Deposition; Devices; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Event; Exposure to; Health; Heating; Home environment; Human; In Situ; Incidence; Indian reservation; Japan; Laboratories; Letters; Link; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Monitor; Nature; Online Systems; Oregon; Pacific Northwest; Pacific Ocean; Participant; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Pollution; Population; Power Plants; Reaction; Relative (related person); Research; Resolution; Risk; Risk Assessment; Sampling; Series; Simulate; Site; Smoking; Source; Technology; Testing; Time; Toxic Environmental Substances; Training; Tribes; Universities; Urine; Woman; Writing; aged; air sampling; base; cooking; diaries; experience; global environment; improved; insight; men; metropolitan; mortality; new technology; novel; planetary Atmosphere; tribal member; urinary

Both Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high levels of complex, environmental PAH mixtures and lung cancer mortality rates have increased in both populations in recent years. The complex PAH mixtures these populations are exposed to remain poorly characterized and this is a major limitation in risk assessment. Due to the rapid increase in coal-fired power plants, China is the largest, and exponentially growing, emitter of mutagenic, particulate matter (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the world. The issue extends beyond local exposure because trans-Pacific atmospheric transport of these PAHs to the U.S. occurs in as little as 5 days. We hypothesize that 1) Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high concentrations of different complex environmental PAH mixtures; 2) nitro and oxy-PAHs are formed on Asian PM in transit to the U.S.; and 3) Asian PM results in a measurable increase in the mutagenicity of PM in the western U.S. Our monitoring of trans-Pacific transport offers a unique opportunity to test these hypotheses on a global scale. Our first specific aim will measure the PM-bound PAH composition and exposure to nonsmoking Chinese in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area and American Indian men and women on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) using personal air sampling and novel assays of urinary metabolites. Our second specific aim will measure the aging of Asian PM in situ in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. This will be accomplished using a series of monitoring sites from Beijing, China to Okinawa, Japan to Mt. Bachelor and Portland, Oregon and the CTUIR and comparing the results to simulated atmospheric aging in a laboratory reactor. Such studies have never been conducted before. Our third specific aim will measure the mutagenicity of the different types of PM collected and link this information to Chinese and American Indian PAH exposure. These data will be of great value for improving estimates of the human health impact of PAHs on highly exposed populations. Novel urinary metabolites will be investigated in collaboration with Cores C and D and air mass trajectories and measurements will be incorporated into a web-based GIS platform that will be used by state and federal agencies in collaboration with Core B. American Indian tribal capacity will be strengthened by transferring air sampling technology to and training tribal members in collaboration with Core E.

中国和美国印第安人都暴露在高浓度的复杂环境多环芳烃混合物中，近年来这两个人群的肺癌死亡率都有所上升。这些人群所接触的复杂多环芳烃混合物的特征仍然很差，这是风险评估的一个主要限制。由于燃煤电厂的迅速增加，中国成为世界上最大且呈指数增长的诱变颗粒物 (PM) 多环芳烃 (PAH) 排放国。这个问题超出了本地暴露的范围，因为这些多环芳烃在短短 5 天内就会跨太平洋大气传输到美国。我们假设 1) 中国和美洲印第安人暴露于高浓度的不同复杂环境 PAH 混合物； 2) 在运往美国的亚洲PM上形成硝基和氧基多环芳烃； 3) 亚洲颗粒物导致美国西部颗粒物致突变性显着增加。我们对跨太平洋运输的监测为在全球范围内检验这些假设提供了独特的机会。我们的第一个具体目标是使用个人空气采样和新颖的尿液代谢物检测方法，测量京津都市区的不吸烟中国人和尤马蒂拉印第安人保留地联盟部落 (CTUIR) 的美国印第安人男性和女性的 PM 结合多环芳烃成分和接触情况。我们的第二个具体目标是在大气和实验室中现场测量亚洲颗粒物的老化情况。这将通过从中国北京到日本冲绳、巴塞尔山和俄勒冈州波特兰以及 CTUIR 的一系列监测站点来完成，并将结果与​​实验室反应堆中的模拟大气老化进行比较。此类研究 以前从未进行过。我们的第三个具体目标是测量收集的不同类型 PM 的致突变性，并将此信息与中国和美洲印第安人的 PAH 暴露联系起来。这些数据对于改进多环芳烃对高度暴露人群的人类健康影响的估计具有重要价值。将与核心 C 和 D 合作研究新的尿液代谢物，空气质量轨迹和测量结果将纳入基于网络的 GIS 平台，该平台将由州和联邦机构与核心 B 合作使用。美洲印第安部落的能力将通过与核心 E 合作向部落成员转让空气采样技术和培训部落成员来加强。