Project 6: PAHs in Highly Exposed Populations: Composition, Exposure and

中国人和美国印第安人都暴露在高水平的复杂环境多环芳烃中 近年来，在这两个人群中，混合型肺癌和肺癌死亡率都有所上升。情结 这些种群面临的多环芳烃混合物的特性仍然很差，这是 风险评估。由于燃煤电厂的快速增加，中国是最大的，并且成倍增长 诱变、颗粒物(PM)结合的多环芳烃(PAHs)的排放者在 整个世界。这一问题超出了当地的暴露范围，因为这些物质的跨太平洋大气运输 进入美国的多环芳烃只需短短5天。我们假设1)中国人和美国印第安人 人群暴露在高浓度的不同复杂环境的多环芳烃混合物中；2)硝基 亚洲PM在运往美国的过程中形成了氧基多环芳烃；3)亚洲PM导致了可测量的 美国西部PM的致突变性增加。我们对跨太平洋运输的监测提供了 在全球范围内检验这些假设的独特机会。我们的第一个具体目标是测量PM界 北京-天津地区中国非吸烟人群中多环芳烃的构成和暴露 乌马提拉印第安人保留地邦联部落(CTUIR)的美国印第安人 使用个人空气采样和新的尿代谢物分析方法。我们的第二个具体目标将衡量 亚洲PM在大气和实验室中的现场老化。这将通过使用 从北京、中国到日本冲绳再到山上的一系列监测点。单身汉和波特兰，俄勒冈州 并将结果与实验室反应堆中的模拟大气老化进行比较。这类研究 以前从未进行过。我们的第三个特定目标将测量不同的 收集的PM类型将此信息与中国和美国印第安人的多环芳烃暴露联系起来。这些数据 将对改善对高度暴露的多环芳烃对人类健康影响的估计具有重要价值 人口。将与C和D核心以及空气质量合作研究新的尿代谢物 轨迹和测量将被合并到一个基于Web的地理信息系统平台中，该平台将由州政府使用 和联邦机构与核心B合作美国印第安人部落的能力将得到加强 与Core E合作，向部落成员转让空气采样技术并对其进行培训。

Both Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high levels of complex, environmental PAH mixtures and lung cancer mortality rates have increased in both populations in recent years. The complex PAH mixtures these populations are exposed to remain poorly characterized and this is a major limitation in risk assessment. Due to the rapid increase in coal-fired power plants, China is the largest, and exponentially growing, emitter of mutagenic, particulate matter (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the world. The issue extends beyond local exposure because trans-Pacific atmospheric transport of these PAHs to the U.S. occurs in as little as 5 days. We hypothesize that 1) Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high concentrations of different complex environmental PAH mixtures; 2) nitro and oxy-PAHs are formed on Asian PM in transit to the U.S.; and 3) Asian PM results in a measurable increase in the mutagenicity of PM in the western U.S. Our monitoring of trans-Pacific transport offers a unique opportunity to test these hypotheses on a global scale. Our first specific aim will measure the PMbound PAH composition and exposure to nonsmoking Chinese in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area and American Indian men and women on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) using personal air sampling and novel assays of urinary metabolites. Our second specific aim will measure the aging of Asian PM in situ in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. This will be accomplished using a series of monitoring sites from Beijing, China to Okinawa, Japan to Mt. Bachelor and Portland, Oregon and the CTUIR and comparing the results to simulated atmospheric aging in a laboratory reactor. Such studies have never been conducted before. Our third specific aim will measure the mutagenicity of the different types of PM collected and link this information to Chinese and American Indian PAH exposure. These data will be of great value for improving estimates of the human health impact of PAHs on highly exposed populations. Novel urinary metabolites will be investigated in collaboration with Cores C and D and air mass trajectories and measurements will be incorporated into a web-based GIS platform that will be used by state and federal agencies in collaboration with Core B. American Indian tribal capacity will be strengthened by transferring air sampling technology to and training tribal members in collaboration with Core E.