Project 6: PAHs in Highly Exposed Populations: Composition, Exposure and

中国人和美洲印第安人都暴露于高水平的复杂环境PAH 近年来，这两个群体的混合物和肺癌死亡率都有所增加。复杂 这些人群接触的PAH混合物的特征仍然很差，这是 风险评估由于燃煤电厂的迅速增加，中国是最大的， 生长，致突变，颗粒物（PM）结合多环芳烃（PAH）的排放物， 世界这个问题超出了当地的接触范围，因为这些物质的跨太平洋大气传输 多环芳烃在美国发生在短短5天内。我们假设1）中国人和美国印第安人 人群暴露于高浓度的不同复杂的环境多环芳烃混合物; 2）硝基 和氧多环芳烃形成的亚洲PM在过境到美国;和3）亚洲PM导致可衡量的 我们对跨太平洋运输的监测提供了一个 在全球范围内测试这些假设的独特机会。我们的第一个具体目标是测量PMbound 京津地区非吸烟人群多环芳烃组成与暴露水平 乌马蒂拉印第安人保留地联盟部落（Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation，CTUIR） 使用个人空气采样和尿代谢物的新测定。我们的第二个具体目标将衡量 亚洲PM在大气中和实验室中的原位老化。这将通过使用 从中国北京到日本冲绳，再到富士山，学士和波特兰，俄勒冈州和 的CTUIR和比较的结果模拟大气老化在实验室反应器。此类研究 从来没有进行过。我们的第三个具体目标是测量不同的 收集的PM类型，并将此信息与中国和美洲印第安人的PAH暴露联系起来。这些数据 将是非常有价值的，以改善估计的人类健康影响的多环芳烃对高度暴露 人口。将与核心C和D以及空气质量合作研究新的尿液代谢物 轨迹和测量结果将被纳入一个基于网络的地理信息系统平台， 以及与核心B合作的联邦机构。美国印第安部落的能力将得到加强， 与核心E合作，向部落成员转让空气采样技术并培训他们。

Both Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high levels of complex, environmental PAH mixtures and lung cancer mortality rates have increased in both populations in recent years. The complex PAH mixtures these populations are exposed to remain poorly characterized and this is a major limitation in risk assessment. Due to the rapid increase in coal-fired power plants, China is the largest, and exponentially growing, emitter of mutagenic, particulate matter (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the world. The issue extends beyond local exposure because trans-Pacific atmospheric transport of these PAHs to the U.S. occurs in as little as 5 days. We hypothesize that 1) Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high concentrations of different complex environmental PAH mixtures; 2) nitro and oxy-PAHs are formed on Asian PM in transit to the U.S.; and 3) Asian PM results in a measurable increase in the mutagenicity of PM in the western U.S. Our monitoring of trans-Pacific transport offers a unique opportunity to test these hypotheses on a global scale. Our first specific aim will measure the PMbound PAH composition and exposure to nonsmoking Chinese in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area and American Indian men and women on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) using personal air sampling and novel assays of urinary metabolites. Our second specific aim will measure the aging of Asian PM in situ in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. This will be accomplished using a series of monitoring sites from Beijing, China to Okinawa, Japan to Mt. Bachelor and Portland, Oregon and the CTUIR and comparing the results to simulated atmospheric aging in a laboratory reactor. Such studies have never been conducted before. Our third specific aim will measure the mutagenicity of the different types of PM collected and link this information to Chinese and American Indian PAH exposure. These data will be of great value for improving estimates of the human health impact of PAHs on highly exposed populations. Novel urinary metabolites will be investigated in collaboration with Cores C and D and air mass trajectories and measurements will be incorporated into a web-based GIS platform that will be used by state and federal agencies in collaboration with Core B. American Indian tribal capacity will be strengthened by transferring air sampling technology to and training tribal members in collaboration with Core E.