Project 6: PAHs in Highly Exposed Populations: Composition, Exposure and

中国和美国印第安人都暴露于高浓度的复杂环境多环芳烃中 近年来，这两个人群的混合物和肺癌死亡率均有所增加。综合体 这些人群所接触的多环芳烃混合物的特征仍然很差，这是一个主要限制 风险评估。由于燃煤电厂的迅速增加，中国是最大的，并且呈指数级增长。 与颗粒物 (PM) 结合的多环芳烃 (PAH) 的不断增长和排放 世界。这个问题超出了局部暴露的范围，因为这些物质跨太平洋的大气传输 多环芳烃 (PAH) 到达美国仅需短短 5 天。我们假设 1) 中国人和美洲印第安人 人群暴露于高浓度的不同复杂环境多环芳烃混合物； 2) 硝基 亚洲PM在运往美国的过程中形成了氧-多环芳烃； 3) 亚洲总理取得了可衡量的成果 美国西部 PM 的致突变性增加。我们对跨太平洋运输的监测提供了 在全球范围内检验这些假设的独特机会。我们的第一个具体目标是衡量 PMbound 京津都市区非吸烟人群的多环芳烃（PAH）成分及接触情况 尤马蒂拉印第安保留地联盟部落 (CTUIR) 中的美洲印第安男女 使用个人空气采样和尿液代谢物的新颖检测。我们的第二个具体目标将衡量 亚洲PM在大气和实验室中的原位老化。这将通过使用 从中国北京到日本冲绳，再到巴塞尔山和俄勒冈州波特兰的一系列监测点 CTUIR 并将结果与实验室反应器中的模拟大气老化进行比较。此类研究 以前从未进行过。我们的第三个具体目标是测量不同物质的致突变性 收集的 PM 类型，并将这些信息与中国和美洲印第安人的 PAH 暴露联系起来。这些数据 对于改善 PAH 对高度暴露的人类健康影响的估计具有重要价值 人口。将与 Cores C 和 D 以及空气团合作研究新型尿液代谢物 轨迹和测量结果将被纳入基于网络的 GIS 平台，供各州使用 和联邦机构与 Core B 合作。美洲印第安部落的能力将通过以下方式得到加强： 与 Core E 合作，向部落成员转让空气采样技术并对其进行培训。

Both Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high levels of complex, environmental PAH mixtures and lung cancer mortality rates have increased in both populations in recent years. The complex PAH mixtures these populations are exposed to remain poorly characterized and this is a major limitation in risk assessment. Due to the rapid increase in coal-fired power plants, China is the largest, and exponentially growing, emitter of mutagenic, particulate matter (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the world. The issue extends beyond local exposure because trans-Pacific atmospheric transport of these PAHs to the U.S. occurs in as little as 5 days. We hypothesize that 1) Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high concentrations of different complex environmental PAH mixtures; 2) nitro and oxy-PAHs are formed on Asian PM in transit to the U.S.; and 3) Asian PM results in a measurable increase in the mutagenicity of PM in the western U.S. Our monitoring of trans-Pacific transport offers a unique opportunity to test these hypotheses on a global scale. Our first specific aim will measure the PMbound PAH composition and exposure to nonsmoking Chinese in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area and American Indian men and women on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) using personal air sampling and novel assays of urinary metabolites. Our second specific aim will measure the aging of Asian PM in situ in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. This will be accomplished using a series of monitoring sites from Beijing, China to Okinawa, Japan to Mt. Bachelor and Portland, Oregon and the CTUIR and comparing the results to simulated atmospheric aging in a laboratory reactor. Such studies have never been conducted before. Our third specific aim will measure the mutagenicity of the different types of PM collected and link this information to Chinese and American Indian PAH exposure. These data will be of great value for improving estimates of the human health impact of PAHs on highly exposed populations. Novel urinary metabolites will be investigated in collaboration with Cores C and D and air mass trajectories and measurements will be incorporated into a web-based GIS platform that will be used by state and federal agencies in collaboration with Core B. American Indian tribal capacity will be strengthened by transferring air sampling technology to and training tribal members in collaboration with Core E.