Identifying Genetic Risk for Maternal Insensitivity and Infant Dysregulation

识别母亲不敏感和婴儿失调的遗传风险

• 批准号: 8511266
• 负责人: Esther M Leerkes
• 金额: $ 17.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA GREENSBORO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8511266
• 关键词: 3 year old; Adult; Affect; Affective; African American; American; Area; Arousal; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Process; Budgets; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Child; Child Mental Health; Childhood; Complex; Crying; DNA; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Distress; Dopamine D1 Receptor; Early Intervention; Early-life trauma; Elements; Emotional; Emotions; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; European; Family; Fostering; Foundations; Funding; Galvanic Skin Response; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Research; Genetic Risk; Genotype; Goals; Home environment; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Infant; Infant Behavior; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Link; Maternal Behavior; Measures; Modeling; Molecular Genetics; Mothers; Outcome; Oxytocin Receptor; Parenting behavior; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Physiology; Postpartum Period; Predisposition; Procedures; Process; Publishing; Questionnaires; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Services; Social Behavior; Testing; Time; Trauma; Visit; Work; base; biobehavior; caregiving; design; dopamine transporter; emotion regulation; endophenotype; experience; genetic linkage; innovation; interest; prenatal; programs; psychobiologic; psychologic; psychosocial; public health relevance; response; screening; serotonin transporter; social; tool; trauma care

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this R21 is to: (1) to identify specific emotion-related genotypes that predispose mothers to have more negative physiological, emotional and behavioral responses to infant distress; and (2) to examine the extent to which specific emotion-related genotypes make mothers and infants more or less susceptible to the effect of positive and negative environmental experiences. Specifically, we will examine the extent to which genes moderate the effect of: (a) early trauma on mothers' physiological, emotional and behavioral responses to infant distress; and (b) maternal sensitivity to distress on infants' early regulatory capacity at the emotional, behavioral, and physiological levels. This work is relevant to the mental health of children because maternal sensitivity to distress is a predictor of positive child outcomes, but we know little about the biological or psychological processes that promote sensitive behavior in response to infant crying. Identifying the processes that influence how mothers respond to their distressed infants and the origins of these processes will inform the development of screening tools to identify mothers at risk for parenting difficulties and the design of individually tailored intervention efforts to foster sensiive maternal behavior and positive social emotional functioning early in life. DNA samples will be collected from a pre-existing sample of 254 primiparous mothers (126 European American, 128 African American) and their infants in our laboratory or their home when infants are 2 to 3 years old. Mother and infant genotypes linked with emotional, attention, and social processes will be assessed (i.e., dopamine receptors D1, D2 and D4, dopamine transporter DAT-1, catechol-O- methyltransferase -COMT, serotonin transporter- 5-HTTPR, and oxytocin receptor-OXTR). During this visit, mothers will report on the extent to which they experienced trauma and care giving transitions during their childhood and the extent to which their infant experienced trauma and care giving transitions during each of the first 2 years. Prior relevant measures from this sample include mothers self-reports of childhood care giving experiences on questionnaires and the Adult Attachment Interview; all administered prenatally. Measures of mothers' physiological (skin conductance and vagal suppression), affective, and behavioral responses to infant distress were assessed at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postpartum. Infant emotion regulation behaviors and vagal regulation were assessed during emotion-eliciting tasks in the laboratory at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. At 1 and 2 years, mothers reported on infant behavior problems using the B-ITSEA; and infant behavioral regulation was observed during a compliance task at 2 years. Results will extend our knowledge of the biological processes that influence maternal sensitivity in emotionally arousing settings, a critical context for children's emotional development and help us determine which mothers and infants are most susceptible to early care giving influences.

描述（由申请人提供）：此R21的目的是：（1）识别与情绪相关的特定基因型，使母亲容易对婴儿遇险具有更多负面的生理，情感和行为反应； （2）检查特定情绪相关的基因型的程度使母亲和婴儿或多或少容易受到正面和负面环境经历的影响。具体而言，我们将研究基因在多大程度上促进：（a）早期创伤对母亲对婴儿困扰的生理，情感和行为反应的影响； （b）对婴儿对情绪，行为和生理水平的早期监管能力的苦难的敏感性。这项工作与儿童的心理健康有关，因为孕产妇对痛苦的敏感性是积极的儿童结果的预测指标，但是我们对促进婴儿哭泣的敏感行为的生物学或心理过程一无所知。确定影响母亲如何应对苦恼的婴儿的过程以及这些过程的起源将为筛查工具的开发提供信息，以确定有育儿困难风险的母亲，并设计单独定制的干预措施，以促进孕产妇行为和生活早期的积极社交情感功能。 DNA样本将从预先存在的254位初次母亲（126名欧美，128名非裔美国人）的样本中收集，并在婴儿2至3岁时在我们的实验室或他们的家中收集。将评估与情感，注意力和社会过程相关的母亲和婴儿基因型（即多巴胺受体D1，D2和D4，多巴胺转运蛋白DAT-1，Catechol-O-甲基转移酶-COMT，5-羟色胺转运蛋白，5-HTTPR-5-HTTPR，以及氧气受体 - OXOXTR）。在这次访问期间，母亲将报告他们在童年时期经历过创伤和护理过渡的程度，以及婴儿在头两年中的每一个中经历过创伤和护理的过渡程度。该样本的事先相关措施包括母亲的儿童护理自我报告，就问卷调查和成人依恋访谈的经验；所有人都在产前给药。在产后6个月，1年和2年，评估了母亲生理（皮肤电导和迷走神经抑制），情感和行为反应的度量。在6个月，1年和2年的实验室中，评估了在实验室的情绪启动任务中评估婴儿的情绪调节行为和迷走神经调节。母亲在1和2岁时就使用B-ITSEA报告了婴儿行为问题。在2年的合规任务中观察到婴儿行为调节。结果将扩展我们对影响母体敏感性的生物学过程的了解，在情感上引起的环境，这是儿童情感发展的关键背景，并帮助我们确定哪些母亲和婴儿最容易受到早期护理的影响。