Identifying Genetic Risk for Maternal Insensitivity and Infant Dysregulation

识别母亲不敏感和婴儿失调的遗传风险

• 批准号: 8511266
• 负责人: Esther M Leerkes
• 金额: $ 17.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA GREENSBORO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8511266
• 关键词: 3 year old; Adult; Affect; Affective; African American; American; Area; Arousal; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Process; Budgets; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Child; Child Mental Health; Childhood; Complex; Crying; DNA; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Distress; Dopamine D1 Receptor; Early Intervention; Early-life trauma; Elements; Emotional; Emotions; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; European; Family; Fostering; Foundations; Funding; Galvanic Skin Response; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Research; Genetic Risk; Genotype; Goals; Home environment; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Infant; Infant Behavior; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Link; Maternal Behavior; Measures; Modeling; Molecular Genetics; Mothers; Outcome; Oxytocin Receptor; Parenting behavior; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Physiology; Postpartum Period; Predisposition; Procedures; Process; Publishing; Questionnaires; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Services; Social Behavior; Testing; Time; Trauma; Visit; Work; base; biobehavior; caregiving; design; dopamine transporter; emotion regulation; endophenotype; experience; genetic linkage; innovation; interest; prenatal; programs; psychobiologic; psychologic; psychosocial; public health relevance; response; screening; serotonin transporter; social; tool; trauma care

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this R21 is to: (1) to identify specific emotion-related genotypes that predispose mothers to have more negative physiological, emotional and behavioral responses to infant distress; and (2) to examine the extent to which specific emotion-related genotypes make mothers and infants more or less susceptible to the effect of positive and negative environmental experiences. Specifically, we will examine the extent to which genes moderate the effect of: (a) early trauma on mothers' physiological, emotional and behavioral responses to infant distress; and (b) maternal sensitivity to distress on infants' early regulatory capacity at the emotional, behavioral, and physiological levels. This work is relevant to the mental health of children because maternal sensitivity to distress is a predictor of positive child outcomes, but we know little about the biological or psychological processes that promote sensitive behavior in response to infant crying. Identifying the processes that influence how mothers respond to their distressed infants and the origins of these processes will inform the development of screening tools to identify mothers at risk for parenting difficulties and the design of individually tailored intervention efforts to foster sensiive maternal behavior and positive social emotional functioning early in life. DNA samples will be collected from a pre-existing sample of 254 primiparous mothers (126 European American, 128 African American) and their infants in our laboratory or their home when infants are 2 to 3 years old. Mother and infant genotypes linked with emotional, attention, and social processes will be assessed (i.e., dopamine receptors D1, D2 and D4, dopamine transporter DAT-1, catechol-O- methyltransferase -COMT, serotonin transporter- 5-HTTPR, and oxytocin receptor-OXTR). During this visit, mothers will report on the extent to which they experienced trauma and care giving transitions during their childhood and the extent to which their infant experienced trauma and care giving transitions during each of the first 2 years. Prior relevant measures from this sample include mothers self-reports of childhood care giving experiences on questionnaires and the Adult Attachment Interview; all administered prenatally. Measures of mothers' physiological (skin conductance and vagal suppression), affective, and behavioral responses to infant distress were assessed at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postpartum. Infant emotion regulation behaviors and vagal regulation were assessed during emotion-eliciting tasks in the laboratory at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. At 1 and 2 years, mothers reported on infant behavior problems using the B-ITSEA; and infant behavioral regulation was observed during a compliance task at 2 years. Results will extend our knowledge of the biological processes that influence maternal sensitivity in emotionally arousing settings, a critical context for children's emotional development and help us determine which mothers and infants are most susceptible to early care giving influences.

描述（由申请人提供）：该 R21 的目的是：（1）识别特定的情绪相关基因型，这些基因型使母亲对婴儿的痛苦产生更多负面的生理、情绪和行为反应； （2）研究特定的情绪相关基因型在多大程度上使母亲和婴儿或多或少容易受到积极和消极环境经历的影响。具体来说，我们将研究基因在多大程度上调节以下影响：（a）早期创伤对母亲对婴儿痛苦的生理、情绪和行为反应的影响； (b) 母亲对痛苦的敏感性会影响婴儿在情绪、行为和生理层面的早期调节能力。这项工作与儿童的心理健康相关，因为母亲对痛苦的敏感性是儿童积极结果的预测因素，但我们对促进婴儿哭泣反应敏感行为的生物或心理过程知之甚少。确定影响母亲如何应对痛苦婴儿的过程以及这些过程的起源，将为开发筛查工具提供信息，以识别面临养育困难风险的母亲，并设计个性化的干预措施，以在生命早期培养敏感的母亲行为和积极的社会情感功能。 DNA 样本将从我们实验室或家中婴儿 2 至 3 岁时的 254 名初产母亲（126 名欧洲裔美国人，128 名非裔美国人）及其婴儿的现有样本中采集。将评估与情绪、注意力和社会过程相关的母亲和婴儿基因型（即多巴胺受体 D1、D2 和 D4、多巴胺转运蛋白 DAT-1、儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶-COMT、血清素转运蛋白-5-HTTPR 和催产素受体-OXTR）。在这次访问期间，母亲将报告她们在童年时期经历的创伤和护理转变的程度，以及婴儿在头两年中每年经历创伤和护理转变的程度。该样本之前的相关措施包括母亲通过问卷和成人依恋访谈自我报告儿童保育经历；全部在产前进行。在产后 6 个月、1 年和 2 年评估母亲对婴儿痛苦的生理（皮肤电导和迷走神经抑制）、情感和行为反应。在 6 个月、1 岁和 2 岁时，在实验室进行情绪引发任务时评估婴儿情绪调节行为和迷走神经调节。在 1 岁和 2 岁时，母亲使用 B-ITSEA 报告婴儿行为问题；在 2 岁时的依从性任务中观察婴儿的行为调节。结果将扩展我们对影响情绪唤起环境中母亲敏感性的生物过程的了解，这是儿童情绪发展的关键环境，并帮助我们确定哪些母亲和婴儿最容易受到早期护理的影响。