ERP and eye tracking studies of expectancy bias in trauma survivors.

描述（由申请人提供）：简介：心理创伤对人群的影响是显著的。研究表明，在美国，多达60.7%的男性和51.2%的女性在他们的一生中至少经历过一次极端压力源或创伤性事件。对于那些对创伤性事件产生慢性反应的人来说，影响是相当大的。其中一个担忧是对广义和持续负面评价的认知倾向。这个问题的范围相当广泛，可能包括对自己、他人和世界的负面评价。在过去，这已经被捕获在“过度警惕”和“对未来的短暂感”的诊断标准中。这些症状都反映了许多人在创伤后对持续存在的威胁感的欣赏。最近，DSM-V提出的标准包括了一个新的症状，即“对自己、他人或世界持续和夸大的负面期望”，以认识到负面评价和期望在一些创伤幸存者的生活中发挥的核心作用。本研究拟利用事件相关电位（erp）和眼动追踪技术研究创伤个体期望偏差的神经生理和行为相关性。研究设计：该项目将涉及90名不同创伤史和PTSD状态的个体参与。所有参与者将接受彻底的诊断评估，以评估创伤程度和当前的精神病理。诊断评估之后将进行评估，该评估将采用多种方法来评估期望偏差，包括自我报告测量、事件相关电位（例如脑电波）和眼动追踪技术。目的：本项目的总体目标是更好地了解创伤和创伤后应激障碍如何影响创伤幸存者的期望。该项目将通过回答以下问题来实现这一目标：1)创伤是否会单独影响预期，还是创伤后应激障碍是必要的？2)预期偏差是否反映在潜在的大脑活动中？3)期望偏差能预测过度警惕等行为吗？这一建议反映了该小组先前关于创伤后注意偏倚的工作的重要延续和扩展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Introduction: The impact of psychological trauma on the population is significant. Research suggests that as many as 60.7% of men and 51.2% of women in America have been exposed to at least one extreme stressor or traumatizing event during the course of their lives. For those who develop chronic reactions to the traumatic events, the impact is considerable. Among the concerns are cognitive tendencies towards generalized and persistent negative appraisals. The scope of this problem is quite broad and likely includes negative evaluations of themselves, of others, and of the world. In the past, this has been captured in the diagnostic criteria of "hypervigilance" and a "sense of foreshortened future." These symptoms both reflect an appreciation for the ongoing sense of threat that many carry with them after trauma. More recently, the proposed criteria for the DSM-V have included a new symptom, namely "persistent and exaggerated negative expectations about one's self, others, or the world" in recognition of the central role negative appraisals and expectations play in the lives of some trauma survivors. In this proposal with intend to use event-related potentials (ERPs) and eye tracking technology to investigate the neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of expectancy biases in traumatized individuals. Study Design: The project will involve the participation of 90 individuals who vary in their trauma history and PTSD status. All participants will undergo a thorough diagnostic evaluation to assess the extent of trauma and current psychopathology. The diagnostic evaluation will be followed by an assessment which will take a multi-method approach to evaluating expectancy bias including self report measures, event-related potentials (e.g., brain waves), and eye tracking technology. Objective: The overall goal of this project is the better understand how trauma and PTSD impact on expectancy in the trauma survivor. This project will achieve this goal by answering questions such as 1) Does trauma alone affect expectancies or is PTSD necessary? 2) Are expectancy biases reflected in underlying brain activity? 3) Do expectancy biases predict behaviors such as hypervigilance? This proposal reflects an important continuation and extension of previous work by this group on attentional bias after trauma. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Changes in cognitions, particularly an increase in negative appraisals, are common in individuals who have experienced psychological trauma. This study will utilize psychophysiological techniques to investigate negative expectancies in this population. Results of this study will have relevance to both clinical treatment and the scientific understanding of negative appraisals that have been hypothesized to play a key role in the etiology and maintenance of post trauma pathology like PTSD.