Determinants of Adolescent Exercise Behavior; towards Evidence-Based Intervention

描述（由申请人提供）：定期的闲暇时间锻炼是健康的关键因素，而久坐的生活方式被认为是观察到的BMI上升及其相关疾病的主要原因之一。尽管有众所周知的好处，但从童年到青春期，有规律的闲暇时间锻炼行为会下降，成年后的比例低得令人无法接受，大多数人都没有按照建议的水平进行定期锻炼。目前的干预项目在很大程度上仍然采用一种“一刀切”的策略，即假设所有青少年在闲暇时间运动行为的决定因素都是一样的，而且这些决定因素主要是社会和环境因素。这忽略了最近压倒性的证据，即遗传因素在自愿运动行为中也起着重要作用。我们假设遗传对运动能力的影响和对运动的急性情绪反应是青少年运动行为的关键决定因素。为了验证这一假设，我们提出了一项综合调查、实验室和干预研究，使用荷兰双登记册（NTR）的独特数据收集。NTR是世界上最大的遗传信息数据库，它对7、9、12、14、16和18岁的运动行为及其潜在（环境）调节因素进行了纵向评估。我们的目标是量化和确定从童年到成年早期自愿运动行为的个体差异的原因。为此，我们建议采用纵向双家庭研究来确定遗传和环境因素对7岁至18岁这一关键时期运动行为变化的相对贡献。为了验证运动能力的个体差异和运动心理反应是青少年运动行为遗传的主要因素这一假设，我们进一步建立了实验室方案。这项资助背后的核心理念是，增加对自愿选择锻炼的遗传和环境因素的了解，将产生更好的个性化干预策略。为了提供原理证明，我们将利用上述工作中获得的信息来开发一种新的基于家庭的电子干预计划，以改变青少年的运动行为。本方案的可行性及短期和长期效果将在随机对照试验中进行检验。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Regular leisure-time exercise is a key contributor to health whereas a sedentary lifestyle is cited as one of the main causes of the observed rise in BMI and its related disorders. Despite its well-known benefits, regular leisure-time exercise behavior drops from childhood to adolescence and reaches unacceptable low proportions in adulthood, with the majority of people not engaging in regular exercise at the recommended level. Current intervention programs still largely adopt a 'one-size fits all' strategy that assumes that the determinants of leisure-time exercise behavior are the same across all adolescents, and that they are mostly of social and environmental origin. This ignores the overwhelming recent evidence that genetic factors also play an important role in voluntary exercise behavior. We hypothesize that genetic effects on exercise ability and the acute mood responses to exercise are key determinants of adolescent exercise behavior. To test this hypothesis, we propose a combined survey, laboratory, and intervention study using the unique data collection in the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). The NTR is the largest genetically informative database in the world with longitudinal assessment of exercise behavior and many of its potential (environmental) moderators at ages 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 18. We aim to quantify and identify the causes of individual differences in voluntary exercise behavior from childhood to young adulthood. To this end we propose to use a longitudinal twin-family study to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the changes in exercise behavior over the critical period from age 7 to age 18. We furthermore set up a laboratory protocol in order to test the hypothesis that individual differences in exercise ability and the psychological response to exercise are the major factors underlying heritability of adolescent exercise behavior. The core idea behind the grant is that an increased understanding of the genetic and environmental factors underlying the voluntary choice to exercise will yield better personalized intervention strategies. To provide proof of principle, we will use the information obtained in the work described above to develop a novel family-based E- intervention program to change exercise behavior in young adolescents. Feasibility and short and long-term effects of this program will be tested in a randomized controlled trial.