Self-regulatory Control and Eating: A Neuroimaging Study of Bulimia Nervosa

描述（由申请人提供）：有相当多的证据表明，神经性贪食症（BN）的个体表现出自我调节控制的缺陷。功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究已经确定了参与这些过程的大脑区域。然而，研究直接联系自我调节缺陷和神经活动的临床意义的行为在BN是显着缺乏，主要是因为运动伪影排除测量与功能磁共振成像的神经活动在参与者发起的饮食。Ruth L. Kirschstein国家研究服务奖（NRSA）是一项为期两年的研究和培训计划，专注于BN中调节一般和饮食相关自我调节控制过程的神经系统。功能性近红外光谱（fNIR），一种便携式和廉价的神经成像模式，允许在更生态和临床有效的设置中评估皮质活动。拟议的项目将检查在一个标准和饮食相关的去/不去的任务在35名妇女满足临时DSM-5诊断标准BN和35匹配的健康对照组的大脑活动。该项目的目的首先是确认和交叉验证以前的调查结果。这将包括测试以下假设：1）与健康对照组相比，BN女性在标准go/no-go任务中的优势反应抑制期间表现出受损的表现和减少的前额叶神经活动（通过fNIR测量）; 2）在BN女性中，前额叶区域的活动幅度将与自我报告的暴食行为频率呈负相关。在一个参与者子集（n = 28）中，将使用fMRI对该标准任务的fNIR数据进行交叉验证。然后，该研究旨在使用一种新颖的，去/不去的液体餐啜饮任务和可口的酸奶奶昔来扩展研究结果。在第二个进行/不进行任务期间将测试相同的假设，该任务要求在"不进行"试验期间抑制优势啜饮反应。这项研究的结果不仅证实了BN在反应抑制任务中前额叶激活缺陷的重要性，而且通过证明类似的，也许更深刻的，在进食过程中需要自我调节控制的行为任务中活动缺陷来扩展这些先前的发现。重要的是，与以前的研究不同，这些研究只包括刺激任务或一般认知神经科学范式，目标的组合允许区分与抑制进食相关的激活和与一般反应抑制相关的激活。该NRSA将为申请人提供将成像和行为数据整合到BN神经基质调查中所需的技能和研究经验。神经影像学与认知神经科学范式和进食任务的新整合将阐明与暴饮暴食相关的神经行为联系以及可能有助于疾病发展和维持的前额叶神经机制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is considerable evidence to suggest that individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) exhibit deficits in self- regulatory control. The brain regios involved in these processes have been identified by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. However, research directly linking self-regulatory deficits and neural activity to clinically meaningful behaviors in BN is notably lacking, largely because motion artifact precludes measurement with fMRI of neural activity during participant-initiated eating. The proposed Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) is a two-year program of research and training focused on the neural systems mediating general and eating-related self-regulatory control processes in BN. Functional near- infrared spectroscopy (fNIR), a portable and inexpensive neuroimaging modality, allows for assessment of cortical activity in more ecologically- and clinically-valid settings. The proposed project will examine brain activity during a standard and an eating-related go/no-go task in 35 women meeting provisional DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for BN and 35 matched healthy controls. The project aims first to confirm and cross-validate previous findings. This will include testing the hypotheses that 1) compared to healthy controls, women with BN will demonstrate impaired performance and reduced prefrontal neural activity (as measured by fNIR) during the inhibition of prepotent responses in a standard go/no-go task; 2) among women with BN, the magnitude of activity in prefrontal regions will correlate inversely with self-reported frequency of bulimic behaviors. In a subset of participants (n = 28), the fNIR data for this standard task will be cross-validated using fMRI. The study then aims to extend findings using a novel, go/no-go liquid-meal sipping task and a palatable yogurt shake. The same hypotheses will be tested during this second go/no-go task, which requires inhibition of a prepotent sipping response during "no-go" trials. The results of the proposed study would not only confirm the importance of deficits in prefrontal activation during response inhibition tasks in BN, but extend these previous findings by demonstrating similar, and perhaps more profound, deficiencies in activity during a behavioral task that requires self-regulatory control during eating. Importantly, unlike previous studies that have included only symptom-provocation tasks or general cognitive neuroscience paradigms, the combination of aims allows for distinction of activations related specifically to the inhibition of eating from those related o general response inhibition. This NRSA will provide the applicant with the skills and research experience needed to integrate imaging and behavioral data in the investigation of the neural substrates of BN. The novel integration of neuroimaging with a cognitive neuroscience paradigm and an eating task will elucidate the neurobehavioral connections associated with binge eating and the prefrontal neural mechanisms that may contribute to the development and maintenance of the disorder.