Use of Smartphones Applications for Partnering among MSM

描述（由申请人提供）：智能手机技术（即，移动电话，如iPhone、Android手机和新一代黑莓手机），为男男性行为者（MSM）提供了一个新的性伴侣场所。事实上，有越来越多的智能手机应用程序旨在促进男男性行为者之间的性伴侣关系。虽然所有智能手机都可以访问互联网网站进行性伴侣，但专为性伴侣设计的智能手机应用程序更进一步，利用智能手机内置的全球定位系统（GPS）技术，帮助MSM识别地理位置最接近其当前位置的潜在伴侣。因此，这些技术可能加快了男子与性伴侣见面和联系的速度，超过了传统的互联网。此外，考虑到男子能够利用这些应用程序安排性接触的便利性，有理由质疑是否、何时以及如何进行性谈判和血清状态披露。总体研究目标是了解MSM中的性风险行为如何通过启用GPS的智能手机应用程序的性质，使用它们的方式以及通过智能手机应用程序发生性伴侣关系的过程来促进。我们将对60名MSM（20名非洲裔美国人，20名拉丁美洲人，20名白色人;其中25%为HIV阳性）进行深入的定性访谈，他们在过去3个月内使用智能手机应用程序与性伴侣见面。对于以下每个目标，虽然我们的重点是智能手机的使用，但我们也将收集他们使用互联网合作网站的信息，作为比较的背景，并确定智能手机使用的独特之处。本研究的目的是：1.研究如何以及为什么智能手机应用程序被用于性伴侣，它们被使用的情况和位置，以深入了解这些使用模式如何可能导致性风险行为。2.调查MSM使用智能手机应用程序寻找性伴侣的过程（即，他们寻找谁，他们如何展示自己，他们如何沟通，安全性行为谈判的程度，以及披露），以深入了解这一过程如何导致性风险行为。3.调查性和情绪状态（例如，更多/更少的紧迫感，唤醒，冲动），MSM在使用智能手机应用程序寻找或满足性伴侣时所经历的，并深入了解这些状态如何可能导致性风险行为。4.检查智能手机提供干预的感知需求和可接受性，并评估MSM认为基于智能手机的性风险降低干预所需的组件。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Smartphone technologies (i.e., cellular telephones, such as the iPhone, Android phones, and newer generation Blackberry phones), have provided a new venue for sexual partnering among men who have sex with men (MSM). Indeed, there are a rapidly growing number of smartphone applications designed to facilitate sexual partnering among MSM. Although all smartphones can access Internet sites for sexual partnering, smartphone applications designed for sexual partnering go a step further by utilizing the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology built into smartphones to help MSM identify potential partners who are geographically closest to their current position. As such, these technologies may have accelerated the rate with which men can meet and connect with sexual partners over that of the traditional Internet. Furthermore, given the expediency with which men are able to arrange sexual encounters using these applications, there is cause to question if, when, and how sexual negotiation and serostatus disclosure occurs. The overall study goal is to understand how sexual risk behaviors among MSM may be facilitated by the nature of GPS-enabled smartphone applications, the way they are used, and the process by which sexual partnering occurs via smartphone applications. We will conduct in-depth qualitative interviews with 60 MSM (20 African American, 20 Latino, 20 White; 25% of whom are HIV-positive) who have utilized smartphone applications to meet sexual partners in the past 3 months. For each of the aims below, while our focus is on smartphone use, we will also collect information on their use of Internet partnering sites to use as a context for comparison and identify what might be unique to smartphone usage. The study aims are: 1. Examine how and why smartphone applications are used for sexual partnering, the situations and locations in which they are used, in order to gain insights into how these use patterns might contribute to sexual risk behaviors. 2. Investigate the process by which MSM use smartphone applications to find sexual partners (i.e., who they look for, how they present themselves, how they communicate, extent of safer sex negotiation,and disclosure) to gain insights into how this process may contribute to sexual risk behaviors. 3. Investigate the sexual and emotional states (e.g., more/less urgency, arousal, impulsivity) that MSM experience when seeking or meeting sexual partners using smartphone applications and gain insights into how these states may contribute to sexual risk behaviors. 4. Examine the perceived need and acceptability of a smartphone delivered intervention and assess what MSM perceive as needed components for a smartphone-based sexual risk reduction intervention.