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Neighborhood interventions in alcohol-related homicide: a systems approach

酒精相关凶杀案的邻里干预：系统方法

基本信息

批准号：
8584131
负责人：
Magdalena Cerda
金额：
$ 23万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-01 至 2015-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8584131
关键词：
Accounting Address Affect Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohols Area Cause of Death Cessation of life Characteristics Complex Computer Simulation Consumption Disadvantaged Economically Deprived Population Environment Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiologic Studies Exhibits Fatal Outcome Health Health Services Accessibility Health care facility Healthcare Heavy Drinking Hispanics Homicide Individual Industry Injury Intentional injury Intervention Life Life Style Low Prevalence Minority Minority Groups Modeling Neighborhoods New York City Not Hispanic or Latino Observational Study Outcome Pattern Policies Public Health Research Resources Risk Risk Factors Role Series Simulate Social Network Solutions Statistical Methods System Techniques Testing United States United States National Institutes of Health Victimization Violence alcohol misuse alcohol risk assault base density density of AOD outlets design distilled alcoholic beverage drinking behavior ethnic minority population health care quality high risk improved in vivo innovation novel public health relevance racial and ethnic disparities racial/ethnic difference research study segregation social urban area

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to die from alcohol-related homicides than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), despite being less likely to drink heavily compared to NHWs. Little epidemiologic research has been conducted to determine what can be done to reduce such disparities. We propose that the disproportionate risk for alcohol-related homicide among racial/ethnic minorities may be related to the systematic residential segregation of racial/ethnic minorities into economically disadvantaged neighborhoods with high alcohol outlet density and reduced quality health care access. We propose to use agent-based models (ABM) to simulate experiences of alcohol use, violent perpetration and victimization in agents embedded in neighborhoods, and to examine whether interventions on neighborhood alcohol outlet density and health care access could reduce racial disparities in alcohol-related homicide. By allowing us to simulate counterfactual situations, ABMs overcome the limitations that individual selection of NHWs, Hispanics and Blacks into non-comparable neighborhoods place on causal inference in observational neighborhood studies. In examining and testing these interventions, we will also incorporate information on social ties, as the patterns of street and bar consumption associated with concentration of alcohol outlets may encourage the formation of social ties with high-risk drinkers who also exhibit violent behavior. Specifically, we will examine whether the breadth and strength of social ties influences the efficacy of neighborhood interventions in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in alcohol-related homicides. The ABM will include agents matched to the demographic composition of New York City and arranged in a grid divided into neighborhoods, informed by more than 20 empirically-based parameters assessing a complex network of social ties, neighborhood characteristics, alcohol use and misuse, and victimization and perpetration. The present project focuses on simulating NYC neighborhoods; this project will inform the preparation of an NIH R01 proposal to use complex systems approaches to investigate national racial/ethnic disparities in different forms of alcohol-related injury.

描述（由申请人提供）：黑人和西班牙裔人比非西班牙裔白人（NHWs）更有可能死于与酒精有关的凶杀案，尽管与NHWs相比，他们不太可能大量饮酒。几乎没有进行流行病学研究来确定可以采取什么措施来减少这种差异。我们认为，与酒精有关的杀人在种族/少数民族的不成比例的风险可能与种族/少数民族的系统性住宅隔离到经济上处于不利地位的社区，高酒精出口密度和质量的医疗保健服务减少。我们建议使用基于代理的模型（ABM）来模拟嵌入在社区的代理中的酒精使用，暴力犯罪和受害的经验，并研究对社区酒精出口密度和医疗保健的干预是否可以减少与酒精相关的凶杀案中的种族差异。通过允许我们模拟反事实的情况下，ABMs克服了NHWs，西班牙裔和黑人的个人选择到非可比的社区放置在观察性社区研究的因果推理的限制。在检查和测试这些干预措施时，我们还将纳入有关社会关系的信息，因为与酒精出口集中相关的街道和酒吧消费模式可能会鼓励与也表现出暴力行为的高风险饮酒者形成社会关系。具体来说，我们将研究社会联系的广度和强度是否会影响邻里干预在减少种族/民族差异方面的有效性。与酒精有关的谋杀案ABM将包括与纽约市的人口构成相匹配的代理人，并将其安排在一个划分为社区的网格中，由20多个基于地理的参数提供信息，这些参数评估了一个复杂的社会关系网络，社区特征，酒精使用和滥用，以及受害和犯罪。本项目的重点是模拟纽约市的社区，该项目将告知NIH R 01提案的准备，使用复杂的系统方法来调查不同形式的酒精相关伤害的国家种族/民族差异。