Project 4: Atmosperic Sources of PCB Congeners

项目4的长期目标是更好地了解环境空气中观察到的浓度与住宅和工业社区中空气中多氯联苯的特定来源之间的关系。核心假设是，空气中多氯联苯的排放是化合物的物理化学特征和多氯联苯所处的暴露环境表面的可测量和可量化特征的函数。目标侧重于识别、表征和预测空气中多氯联苯的来源和影响：目标1：确定芝加哥城市/工业综合体中空气中多氯联苯同源物的来源和命运。我们假设芝加哥空气中的多氯联苯来自整个城市被污染的表面。我们将通过在整个芝加哥市和不同季节部署空气采样器来验证我们的假设。利用测量、模型和地理数据库，我们将确定芝加哥污染源对密歇根湖中PCBs年沉积量的相对贡献，区分该地区空气中PCBs的远距离来源和本地来源，并确定空气中PCBs高暴露风险的社区。目的2：描述多氯联苯的来源和危害。我们假设非氯代多氯联苯已经被释放到环境中几十年了，并且由于它们在商业油漆和其他建筑材料中的存在而继续被释放。我们将通过测量档案和新样品中的非氯氯多氯联苯以及c/商业涂料中的多氯联苯来检验这一假设。利用沉积物岩心和存档的样品提取物，我们将确定环境暴露于这些化合物的年表及其当前排放的大小。目标3：表征印第安纳港和船舶运河（IHSC）中空气中多氯联苯的排放和命运。我们

The long-term goal of Project #4 is to better understand the relationship between the observed concentrations in ambient air and specific sources of airborne PCBs in residential and industrial communities. The central hypothesis is that emissions of airborne PCBs are a function of measureable and quantifiable characteristics of the physical-chemical characteristics of the compounds and exposed environmental surfaces on which the PCBs reside. The Aims focus on identification, characterization and prediction of the magnitude and impact of sources of airborne PCBs: Aim 1: To determine the sources and fate of airborne PCB congeners in the urban/industrial complex of Chicago. We hypothesize that airborne PCBs in Chicago originate from contaminated surfaces throughout the city. We will test our hypotheses by deploying air samplers throughout the City of Chicago and over seasons. Using the measurements, models, and geographic databases, we will determine the relative contribution of Chicago sources toward the annual mass of PCBs deposited in Lake Michigan, distinguish long range versus local sources of airborne PCBs to the region, and determine neighborhoods of elevated risk for high exposure to airborne PCBs. Aim 2: To chapacterize the sources and Aroclor PCBs. We hypothesize that non-Aroclor PCBs have beeN released to the environment for decades and conthnue to be released due to their presence in commercial paint and other buil$ing materials. We wihl test this hypothesis by measuring non-Aroclor PCBs in archival and new samples and by measuring PCBs in c/mmercial paint. Using sediment cores and archived sample extracts, we will ddtermine the chronology of environmental exposure to these compounds and the magnitude of their current emissions. Aim 3: To characterize the emission and fate of airborne PCBs in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC). We hypothesize that the sediment of the IHSC is a major source of airborne PCB congeners to the community of East Chicago, Indiana. To test our hypotheses, we will measure PCBs in deep sediments of the IHSC. We will calculate the release of PCBs under no-dredging and dredging-conditions, including partial Removal that exposes deep sediments. We will monitor the effect of dredging through local and regional air measurements. As a result of the work described here, Project #4 will promote more scientifically-sound and effective action to reduce human exposure to these potentially harmful compounds.