Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program

国家癌症研究所(NCI)建立了监测、流行病学和最终结果(SEER)计划，以定期收集和报告基于人群的癌症发病率和生存数据。它是NCI监测活动的核心组成部分，提供用于规划癌症控制和研究计划的信息，并用于评估此类计划对癌症发病率的影响。SEER计划于1972年启动，以响应国家癌症计划的要求，评估美国癌症负担的大小，并确定与癌症风险和/或患者生存相关的因素。SEER计划的目标包括：1.定期收集和报告癌症发病率的估计数字。2.监测年度癌症发病率趋势，以确定在由地理、人口和社会特征定义的人口亚群中发生的特定癌症形式的异常变化。3.提供有关确诊时疾病范围随时间的变化、治疗趋势和癌症患者生存变化的持续信息。4.查明可能发生的医源性癌症，即由癌症治疗引起的癌症。5.作为国家癌症研究所的研究资源，开展关于当前癌症控制问题以及与SEER方案运作有关的问题的研究，这些问题可能导致改进和/或更具成本效益的操作程序。

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program was established by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to collect and report periodically on population-based cancer incidence and survival data. It is a core component of the NCI's surveillance activities which provide information used for planning cancer control and research programs, and for evaluating the impact of such programs on cancer rates. The SEER Program was initiated in 1972 in response to requirements of the National Cancer Program for assessing the magnitude of the cancer burden in the United States, and for identifying factors related to cancer risk and/or patient survival. Objectives of the SEER Program include: 1. Assemble and report, on a periodic basis, estimates of cancer incidence. 2. Monitor annual cancer incidence trends to identify unusual changes in specific forms of cancer occurring in population subgroups defined by geographic, demographic, and social characteristics. 3. Provide continuing information on changes over time in extent of disease at diagnosis, trends in therapy, and changes in cancer patient survival. 4. Identify the occurrence of possible iatrogenic cancers, i.e., cancers that are caused by cancer therapy. 5. Serve as a research resource to the National Cancer Institute, and conduct studies dealing with current cancer control issues as well as issues related to the operation of the SEER Program which may lead to improved and/or more cost-effective operating procedures.