Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program

监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）项目由国家癌症研究所（NCI）建立，旨在定期收集和报告基于人群的癌症发病率和生存数据。它是NCI监测活动的核心组成部分，为规划癌症控制和研究项目以及评估这些项目对癌症发病率的影响提供信息。SEER项目于1972年启动，以响应国家癌症项目的要求，评估美国癌症负担的程度，并确定与癌症风险和/或患者生存相关的因素。SEER项目的目标包括：1。定期收集和报告癌症发病率的估计数据。2. 监测年度癌症发病率趋势，以确定由地理、人口统计学和社会特征界定的人群亚组中特定形式癌症发生的异常变化。3. 提供关于诊断时疾病程度随时间变化、治疗趋势和癌症患者生存变化的持续信息。4. 确定可能的医源性癌症的发生，即由癌症治疗引起的癌症。5. 作为国家癌症研究所的研究资源，开展研究，处理当前的癌症控制问题，以及与SEER项目的运作有关的问题，这些问题可能会导致改进和/或更具成本效益的操作程序。

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program was established by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to collect and report periodically on population-based cancer incidence and survival data. It is a core component of the NCI's surveillance activities which provide information used for planning cancer control and research programs, and for evaluating the impact of such programs on cancer rates. The SEER Program was initiated in 1972 in response to requirements of the National Cancer Program for assessing the magnitude of the cancer burden in the United States, and for identifying factors related to cancer risk and/or patient survival. Objectives of the SEER Program include: 1. Assemble and report, on a periodic basis, estimates of cancer incidence. 2. Monitor annual cancer incidence trends to identify unusual changes in specific forms of cancer occurring in population subgroups defined by geographic, demographic, and social characteristics. 3. Provide continuing information on changes over time in extent of disease at diagnosis, trends in therapy, and changes in cancer patient survival. 4. Identify the occurrence of possible iatrogenic cancers, i.e., cancers that are caused by cancer therapy. 5. Serve as a research resource to the National Cancer Institute, and conduct studies dealing with current cancer control issues as well as issues related to the operation of the SEER Program which may lead to improved and/or more cost-effective operating procedures.