Anxiety and Attention: Electrophysiological Measurement of Enhancement and Suppr

焦虑和注意力：增强和抑制的电生理测量

• 批准号: 8511330
• 负责人: STEVEN J LUCK
• 金额: $ 7.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8511330
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attention; Automobile Driving; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Clinical; Cognitive; Data; Decision Making; Emotional; Emotions; Etiology; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Failure; Fright; Functional disorder; Future; Gold; Guns; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Learning; Light; Measurement; Measures; Mental disorders; Nature; Outcome; Output; Play; Population; Process; Psyche structure; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Resources; Role; Shapes; Specificity; Stimulus; Time; Visual attention; Work; behavior measurement; directed attention; driving force; emotional stimulus; experience; indexing; neuromechanism; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Attention and emotion have a bidirectional relationship, which serves a strong role in driving human behavior. The purpose of the present proposal is to advance our understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie attention-emotion interactions and individual differences in anxiety. Specifically, the proposed project will use a combination of behavioral and novel event-related potential (ERP) measures to characterize the precise mechanisms and time course of attentional allocation to emotional stimuli. Emotional stimuli that are threatening in nature have been shown to be especially potent modulators of attention. Indeed, abnormal allocation of attention to threatening stimuli has been implicated as a potential etiological factor in anxiety disorders. The proposed research will examine neural and behavioral indices of attention in the context of threat to pinpoint the basic mechanisms that drive attention-emotion interactions and individual differences in anxiety. We will use a well-validated ERP measure of the allocation of attention (the N2pc component) to assess the magnitude and time course of attentional allocation to threatening stimuli. We will also use a newly discovered ERP measure of attentional suppression (the Pd component) to assess the top-down suppression of threatening stimuli. Together, these two ERP measures will make it possible to isolate separate aspects of threat processing that are ordinarily intermixed in behavioral measures. Moreover, the proposed project will examine how these processes vary as a function of individual differences in trait anxiety to characterize the role of atypical attentional processes in characterizing anxiety. This follows from pilot data in which we observed substantial individual differences in ERP indices of suppression of threat, which in turn made it possible to identify individual differences in behavioral measures of threat processing. We will also examine the effects of direct manipulations of state anxiety on these measures. Moreover, because anxiety disorders often involve the acquisition of conditioned emotional responses, we will also examine attention and suppression in the context of conditioned threat. This research will serve an important role in furthering our basic science understanding of the relationships among attention, emotion, and anxiety, and it will also inform future clinical work on anxiety.

描述（由申请人提供）：注意力和情绪具有双向关系，在驱动人类行为方面发挥着重要作用。本提案的目的是增进我们对注意力-情绪相互作用和焦虑个体差异背后的认知和神经机制的理解。具体来说，拟议的项目将结合使用行为和新颖的事件相关电位（ERP）测量来描述情绪刺激的注意力分配的精确机制和时间过程。具有威胁性的情绪刺激已被证明是特别有效的注意力调节剂。事实上，对威胁性刺激的注意力异常分配被认为是焦虑症的潜在病因。拟议的研究将检查威胁背景下注意力的神经和行为指数，以查明驱动注意力-情绪相互作用和焦虑个体差异的基本机制。我们将使用经过充分验证的注意力分配 ERP 测量（N2pc 组件）来评估威胁刺激的注意力分配的幅度和时间过程。我们还将使用新发现的注意力抑制 ERP 测量（Pd 成分）来评估对威胁刺激的自上而下的抑制。这两项 ERP 措施相结合，将能够隔离威胁处理的各个方面，而这些方面通常是混合在一起的。 行为措施。此外，拟议的项目将研究这些过程如何随着特质焦虑的个体差异而变化，以描述非典型注意力过程在表征焦虑中的作用。这是根据试点数据得出的结论，在这些数据中，我们观察到威胁抑制的 ERP 指数存在显着的个体差异，这反过来又使得识别威胁处理的行为测量的个体差异成为可能。我们还将研究直接操纵状态焦虑对这些措施的影响。此外，由于焦虑症通常涉及条件性情绪反应的获得，因此我们还将在条件性威胁的背景下研究注意力和抑制。这项研究将在进一步加深我们对注意力、情绪和焦虑之间关系的基础科学理解方面发挥重要作用，也将为未来的焦虑临床工作提供信息。