Development of the Sense of Taste

项目摘要 味觉领域已经确定了几种调控分子，指导真菌状的发育。 乳头：位于舌前部的味蕾的感觉器官。然而， 乳头味觉器官，由特定的信号室组成，包括上皮和 结缔组织，一直被忽视。此外，在真菌中基因表达的特定差异 尚未探索形成乳头的舌区域与无乳头的舌区域。本申请集中于 这一概念，只有了解基因表达和蛋白质定位在特定区域的 舌和菌状乳头的隔间可以清楚地了解乳头如何 发展是有规律的。舌区和乳头间室是整合的生理单位 信号以平衡细胞增殖或分化的反应。因此，细胞信号传导在细胞中进行。 特定隔室的界限，然后来回发出信号，以确定乳头诱导，发育 和差异化。目前的假设是，重要的形态，刺猬控制 菌状乳头发育，以浓度依赖性方式，通过：（a）信号传导调节细胞 特定区室和舌区域中的增殖;以及，（B）与其他信号传导的相互作用 分子家族检验这一假设的方法包括使用报告基因和转基因小鼠; 器官培养;基因阵列;以及通过转染和电穿孔用siRNA敲低基因。三 具体目标是：探索重要形态发生素Sonic的阶段和区室特异性作用 hedgehog（Shh）在细胞增殖与分化中的作用。定义和探索隔离室的角色 在发育中的舌和舌文化的特定基因，比较舌组织的条件下， 是乳头充满、乳头过剩、乳头抑制或无乳头。确定相互作用 在Shh、Wingless（Wnt）和Bone morphogenetic protein（Bmp）家族中。研究将增加至关重要的深度 了解菌状乳头的形成;深入了解乳头和味觉细胞是如何形成的， 出现了特定的隔间。反过来，关于乳头分化中的信号室的知识是 这是探索特定味觉细胞结构起源、乳头控制和 味觉细胞更新以及乳头和味觉细胞的可塑性。这些知识对于 获取味觉如何产生的基本信息，最终指导我们的饮食和食物 选择.

PROJECT SUMMARY The field of taste has identified several regulatory molecules that direct development of the fungiform papilla: the sense organ residence of taste buds on the anterior tongue. However, the complexity of the papilla taste organ, composed of specific signaling compartments and encompassing both epithelial and connective tissues, has been ignored. Furthermore, specific differences in gene expression in fungiform papilla-forming versus papilla-free tongue regions have not been explored. This application focuses on the concept that only with knowledge about gene expression and protein localization in particular regions of the tongue and compartments of the fungiform papilla can a clear understanding emerge about how papilla development is regulated. Tongue regions and papilla compartments are physiological units that integrate signals to balance cell responses of proliferation or differentiation. Thus, cell signaling proceeds in the confines of particular compartments that then signal back and forth to define papilla induction, development and differentiation. The working hypothesis is that the important morphogen, Sonic hedgehog controls fungiform papilla development, in a concentration dependent manner, through: (a) signaling to regulate cell proliferation in specific compartments and tongue regions; and, (b) interactions with signaling other molecular families. Approaches to test the hypothesis include use of reporter and transgenic mice; tongue organ cultures; gene arrays; and gene knockdown with siRNAs via transfection and electroporation. Three specifc aims are to: Probe stage and compartment specific roles for the important morphogen, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), in cell proliferation versus differentiation. Define, and explore roles for, compartment specific genes in the developing tongue and tongue cultures, comparing lingual tissues in conditions that are papilla-replete, papilla-superabundant, papilla-suppressed, or papilla-free. Determine interactions among Shh, Wingless (Wnt) and Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) families. Studies will add crucial depth to understanding fungiform papilla formation; depth that is essential to knowing how papilla- and taste cell- specific compartments arise. In turn knowledge about signaling compartments in papilla differentiation is fundamental to pursuing questions about the origins of specific taste cell constitution, control of papilla and taste cell renewal, and papilla and taste cell plasticity during development. This knowledge is essential for acquiring basic information about how taste sensation emerges, to ultimately direct our diet and food choices.