SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PREDICTORS OF PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION

项目1：残疾和认知障碍等身体和认知功能功能结果的社会和经济预测因素严重影响老年人的独立性和生产力，特别是在医疗援助和获得适应性设备有限的低收入国家。然而，目前的残疾监测数据极其有限，关于老年非洲人功能结果决定因素的证据在很大程度上依赖于极少数基于人口的队列。迫切需要关于撒哈拉以南非洲成年人功能结果的高质量数据，包括基于绩效的结果和自我报告的结果。我们的长期目标是丰富INDEPTH队列研究，以便通过确定促进老年人身体和认知健康的特定、可修改的因素，将其用于规划健康和社会服务。该项目的总体目标是将经过验证的基于绩效和自我报告的身体和认知功能评估引入三个INDEPTH队列(在加纳、坦桑尼亚和南非)，并使用这些数据来测试选定的风险因素是否可以预测身体或认知障碍。这个项目与其他项目紧密结合在一起。功能结果和慢性疾病，包括心脏代谢紊乱和艾滋病毒，与项目2和项目3有关，在这些项目中确定了这些疾病的结果。项目4使用功能数据来分析幸福感和生产力。项目1借鉴了南非相隔三年的两次浪潮，以及加纳和坦桑尼亚的一次浪潮；这些新的调查将在三个INDEPTH社区(n=12,000)招募4000名50岁以上的男性和女性，包括2006年SAGE短期和长期研究的所有幸存参与者。本项目的目的是：目标1.使用统一的方法比较三个INDEPTH国家的肢体残疾和认知损害的流行率。目的2.描述南非老年人的行动能力和日常生活能力(ADL)的轨迹，并将这些轨迹与加纳和坦桑尼亚队列的现有数据进行比较。在这里，我们利用来自几个来源的数据来获得3-7年期间的纵向数据。目的3.评估社会隔离、社会经济状况、成人血管危险因素和艾滋病毒作为身体和认知障碍及死亡率的预测因子。

Project 1: Social and Economic Predictors of Physical and Cognitive Function Functional outcomes such as disability and cognitive impairment critically affect independence and productivity in old age, especially in low-income countries where medical assistance and access to adaptive equipment are limited. However, current surveillance data of disability are extremely limited, and evidence on determinants of functional outcomes in older Africans is heavily dependent on the very few population-based cohorts. There is an urgent need for high-quality data on functional outcomes in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, including both performance-based and self-reported outcomes. Our long term goal is to enrich the INDEPTH cohort studies so they can be used to plan health and social services through the identification of specific, modifiable factors that promote physical and cognitive health of elderly. The overall objective of this project is to introduce validated performance-based and self-reported assessments of physical and cognitive function into three INDEPTH cohorts (in Ghana, Tanzania, and South Africa) and use these data to test whether selected risk factors predict physical or cognitive impairments. This project is tightly integrated with other projects. Functional outcomes and chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic disorders and HIV, are related to Projects 2 and 3 where these disease outcomes are identified. Project 4 uses functional data in analyses of well-being & productivity. Project 1 draws on two waves three years apart for South Africa, and one wave in Ghana and Tanzania; these new surveys will enroll 4000 men and women 50+ in three INDEPTH communities (n=12,000) including all surviving participants from the 2006 SAGE short and long studies. The aims of this project are: AIM 1. To compare the prevalence of physical disability and cognitive impairment using harmonized methods across the three INDEPTH countries. AIM 2. To describe trajectories of mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs) for older adults in South Africa and compare these trajectories to available data on cohorts in Ghana and Tanzania. Here we draw on data from several sources to obtain longitudinal data over a period of 3-7 years. AIM 3. To evaluate social isolation, socioeconomic status, and adult vascular risk factors and HIV as predictors of physical and cognitive impairments and mortality.