Reaching, posture, object exploration, and language in high- and low-risk infants

高风险和低风险婴儿的伸手、姿势、物体探索和语言

• 批准号: 8531415
• 负责人: Jana M Iverson
• 金额: $ 59.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8531415
• 关键词: Achievement; Age-Months; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brothers; Characteristics; Child; Communication; Complex; Data; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Diagnosis; Elements; Event; Exhibits; Gestures; Growth; Home visitation; House Call; Impairment; Infant; Infant Development; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Light; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Motor; Motor Skills; Movement; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Nature; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Posture; Relative (related person); Research; Risk; Schedule; Series; Shapes; Siblings; Sister; Source; Upper Extremity; Variant; Work; autism spectrum disorder; behavior influence; clinical practice; clinically significant; design; high risk; improved; infancy; innovation; kinematics; public health relevance; research and development; skills; therapy design; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over the course of the first year, typically-developing infants rapidly acquire skills in object-directed reaching and postural control. These skills underlie increasingly sophisticated object exploration behaviors that yield information not only about objects in the world but about the effects of the infant's own actions on those objects. Object exploration and the knowledge that it generates is, in turn, foundational for the later development of language and communication. This suggests that the emergence of reaching and the progressive achievement of greater postural control, mediated by object exploration, may have cascading and far-reaching effects on later development, not only on more advanced motor planning skills, but in domains such as communication and language that are not typically conceived as being influenced by early motor development. Conversely, delays and impairments in reaching and postural development may negatively impact object exploration and, therefore, the eventual development of later, higher-order developments in motor planning, language, and communication. The work proposed in this application is designed to shed light on these previously unexplored developmental pathways by providing systematic longitudinal data on the emergence of reaching, the growth of postural control, changes in object exploration behaviors, and later developments in motor planning, language, and communication from 2.5 to 36 months of age. The research is innovative because it employs a dense, longitudinal home-visit observation schedule and combines behavioral and kinematic data to permit close tracking of advances in reaching, self-sitting and object exploration. This multi-method approach will support a detailed examination of normative and atypical developmental trajectories in these domains and their relationship to the development of later-emerging behaviors both within and across domains of development. By focusing not only on typically-developing, low-risk (LR) infants but also on infants known to be at heightened risk (HR) for communicative delays (viz., infants with an older brother or sister diagnosed with Autistic Disorder), we will be able to assess early patterns of delay and examine any negative cascading effects that they may have This, in turn, will lay the groundwork for improvements in clinical practice and design of interventions to remediate early delays and avoid their cascading effects. Successful completion of this project will result in: a) clarification of the nature of the relationship between the growh of postural control, the development of infant reaching, and improvement in object exploration skills during the first year; b) specification of the nature and extent of delays and impairments i postural control, reaching, and object exploration in HR infants; and c) identification of any predictive relations existing between early postural and motor development and later, higher-order motor, language, and communication skills as mediated by the growth of object exploration.

描述（由申请人提供）：在第一年的过程中，典型发育的婴儿迅速获得物体定向接触和姿势控制的技能。这些技能是越来越复杂的物体探索行为的基础，这些行为不仅产生关于世界上物体的信息，而且还产生关于婴儿自己的行为对这些物体的影响的信息。对物体的探索及其产生的知识反过来又是语言和交流后来发展的基础。这表明，达到的出现和逐步实现更大的姿势控制，介导的对象探索，可能会对以后的发展，级联和深远的影响，不仅对更先进的运动规划技能，但在领域，如通信和语言，通常不被认为是受早期运动发展的影响。相反，到达和姿势发展的延迟和障碍可能会对物体探索产生负面影响，因此，最终影响运动规划，语言和沟通的后期高阶发展。本申请中提出的工作旨在通过提供系统的纵向数据来阐明这些以前未探索的发展途径，这些数据涉及2.5至36个月大的接触出现，姿势控制的增长，物体探索行为的变化以及运动规划，语言和沟通的后期发展。这项研究是创新的，因为它采用了密集的纵向家访观察计划，并结合了行为和运动学数据，以密切跟踪在达到，自我坐姿和对象探索的进展。这种多方法的方法将支持在这些领域的规范和非典型的发展轨迹，以及它们的关系，后来出现的行为的发展内和跨发展领域的详细检查。通过不仅关注典型发育的低风险（LR）婴儿，而且关注已知处于交流延迟的高风险（HR）的婴儿（即，如果有一个哥哥或姐姐被诊断患有自闭症的婴儿，我们将能够评估早期的延迟模式，并检查他们可能具有的任何负面级联效应，这反过来将为改善临床实践和设计干预措施奠定基础，以纠正早期延迟并避免其级联效应。本项目的成功完成将导致：a）澄清第一年期间姿势控制的增长、婴儿伸手的发展和物体探索技能的改善之间关系的性质; B）HR婴儿姿势控制、伸手和物体探索延迟和损伤的性质和程度的规范;以及c）鉴定存在于早期姿势和运动发展与后来的高级运动、语言和交流技能之间的任何预测关系，如由物体探索的增长所介导的。