Reaching, posture, object exploration, and language in high- and low-risk infants

高风险和低风险婴儿的伸手、姿势、物体探索和语言

• 批准号: 9059143
• 负责人: Jana M Iverson
• 金额: $ 52.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9059143
• 关键词: Achievement; Age-Months; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brothers; Characteristics; Child; Communication; Complex; Data; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Diagnosis; Elements; Event; Exhibits; Gestures; Growth; Health; Home visitation; House Call; Impairment; Infant; Infant Development; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Light; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Motor; Motor Skills; Movement; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Nature; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Posture; Research; Risk; Schedule; Series; Shapes; Siblings; Sister; Source; Upper Extremity; Variant; Work; autism spectrum disorder; behavior influence; clinical practice; clinically significant; design; high risk; improved; infancy; innovation; kinematics; research and development; skills; therapy design; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over the course of the first year, typically-developing infants rapidly acquire skills in object-directed reaching and postural control. These skills underlie increasingly sophisticated object exploration behaviors that yield information not only about objects in the world but about the effects of the infant's own actions on those objects. Object exploration and the knowledge that it generates is, in turn, foundational for the later development of language and communication. This suggests that the emergence of reaching and the progressive achievement of greater postural control, mediated by object exploration, may have cascading and far-reaching effects on later development, not only on more advanced motor planning skills, but in domains such as communication and language that are not typically conceived as being influenced by early motor development. Conversely, delays and impairments in reaching and postural development may negatively impact object exploration and, therefore, the eventual development of later, higher-order developments in motor planning, language, and communication. The work proposed in this application is designed to shed light on these previously unexplored developmental pathways by providing systematic longitudinal data on the emergence of reaching, the growth of postural control, changes in object exploration behaviors, and later developments in motor planning, language, and communication from 2.5 to 36 months of age. The research is innovative because it employs a dense, longitudinal home-visit observation schedule and combines behavioral and kinematic data to permit close tracking of advances in reaching, self-sitting and object exploration. This multi-method approach will support a detailed examination of normative and atypical developmental trajectories in these domains and their relationship to the development of later-emerging behaviors both within and across domains of development. By focusing not only on typically-developing, low-risk (LR) infants but also on infants known to be at heightened risk (HR) for communicative delays (viz., infants with an older brother or sister diagnosed with Autistic Disorder), we will be able to assess early patterns of delay and examine any negative cascading effects that they may have This, in turn, will lay the groundwork for improvements in clinical practice and design of interventions to remediate early delays and avoid their cascading effects. Successful completion of this project will result in: a) clarification of the nature of the relationship between the growh of postural control, the development of infant reaching, and improvement in object exploration skills during the first year; b) specification of the nature and extent of delays and impairments i postural control, reaching, and object exploration in HR infants; and c) identification of any predictive relations existing between early postural and motor development and later, higher-order motor, language, and communication skills as mediated by the growth of object exploration.

描述（由申请人提供）：在第一年的过程中，正常发育的婴儿迅速获得物体定向到达和姿势控制的技能。这些技能是日益复杂的物体探索行为的基础，这些行为不仅提供了关于世界上物体的信息，还提供了婴儿自己对这些物体的影响的信息。对象探索和由此产生的知识反过来又为后来语言和交流的发展奠定了基础。这表明，在物体探索的介导下，伸手的出现和更大的姿势控制的逐步实现，可能对后来的发展产生级联和深远的影响，不仅对更高级的运动规划技能，而且对沟通和语言等通常不被认为是受早期运动发展影响的领域。相反，伸展和姿势发育的延迟和损伤可能会对物体探索产生负面影响，因此，对运动规划、语言和沟通的最终发展产生负面影响。这项研究旨在通过提供系统的纵向数据来揭示这些以前未被探索的发展途径，这些数据包括：伸手的出现、姿势控制的增长、物体探索行为的变化，以及后来在2.5至36个月大的运动规划、语言和沟通方面的发展。这项研究的创新之处在于，它采用了密集的纵向家访观察计划，并结合了行为和运动数据，以便密切跟踪在伸手、自我坐着和物体探索方面的进展。这种多方法的方法将支持对这些领域的规范和非典型发展轨迹的详细检查，以及它们与发展领域内部和跨领域的后期新兴行为发展的关系。不仅关注发育正常、低风险（LR）的婴儿，还关注已知存在沟通迟缓高风险（HR）的婴儿（即有哥哥或姐姐被诊断患有自闭症的婴儿），我们将能够评估早期的延迟模式，并检查他们可能产生的任何负面连锁效应。将为改善临床实践和干预措施的设计奠定基础，以纠正早期延误并避免其连锁效应。这个项目的成功完成将导致：a)澄清姿势控制的增长，婴儿伸手的发展和第一年物体探索技能的提高之间关系的本质；b)说明HR婴儿在姿势控制、伸手和物体探索方面的延迟和损伤的性质和程度；c)确定早期姿势和运动发展与后来的高阶运动、语言和沟通技能之间存在的任何预测性关系，这些技能是由物体探索的增长所介导的。