Reaching, posture, object exploration, and language in high- and low-risk infants

高风险和低风险婴儿的伸手、姿势、物体探索和语言

• 批准号: 8666781
• 负责人: Jana M Iverson
• 金额: $ 53.57万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8666781
• 关键词: Achievement; Age-Months; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brothers; Characteristics; Child; Communication; Complex; Data; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Diagnosis; Elements; Event; Exhibits; Gestures; Growth; Home visitation; House Call; Impairment; Infant; Infant Development; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Light; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Motor; Motor Skills; Movement; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Nature; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Posture; Relative (related person); Research; Risk; Schedule; Series; Shapes; Siblings; Sister; Source; Upper Extremity; Variant; Work; autism spectrum disorder; behavior influence; clinical practice; clinically significant; design; high risk; improved; infancy; innovation; kinematics; public health relevance; research and development; skills; therapy design; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over the course of the first year, typically-developing infants rapidly acquire skills in object-directed reaching and postural control. These skills underlie increasingly sophisticated object exploration behaviors that yield information not only about objects in the world but about the effects of the infant's own actions on those objects. Object exploration and the knowledge that it generates is, in turn, foundational for the later development of language and communication. This suggests that the emergence of reaching and the progressive achievement of greater postural control, mediated by object exploration, may have cascading and far-reaching effects on later development, not only on more advanced motor planning skills, but in domains such as communication and language that are not typically conceived as being influenced by early motor development. Conversely, delays and impairments in reaching and postural development may negatively impact object exploration and, therefore, the eventual development of later, higher-order developments in motor planning, language, and communication. The work proposed in this application is designed to shed light on these previously unexplored developmental pathways by providing systematic longitudinal data on the emergence of reaching, the growth of postural control, changes in object exploration behaviors, and later developments in motor planning, language, and communication from 2.5 to 36 months of age. The research is innovative because it employs a dense, longitudinal home-visit observation schedule and combines behavioral and kinematic data to permit close tracking of advances in reaching, self-sitting and object exploration. This multi-method approach will support a detailed examination of normative and atypical developmental trajectories in these domains and their relationship to the development of later-emerging behaviors both within and across domains of development. By focusing not only on typically-developing, low-risk (LR) infants but also on infants known to be at heightened risk (HR) for communicative delays (viz., infants with an older brother or sister diagnosed with Autistic Disorder), we will be able to assess early patterns of delay and examine any negative cascading effects that they may have This, in turn, will lay the groundwork for improvements in clinical practice and design of interventions to remediate early delays and avoid their cascading effects. Successful completion of this project will result in: a) clarification of the nature of the relationship between the growh of postural control, the development of infant reaching, and improvement in object exploration skills during the first year; b) specification of the nature and extent of delays and impairments i postural control, reaching, and object exploration in HR infants; and c) identification of any predictive relations existing between early postural and motor development and later, higher-order motor, language, and communication skills as mediated by the growth of object exploration.

描述（由申请人提供）：在第一年的过程中，正常发育的婴儿迅速获得了针对物体的伸手和姿势控制的技能。这些技能是日益复杂的物体探索行为的基础，这些行为不仅产生有关世界上物体的信息，而且还产生有关婴儿自己的行为对这些物体的影响的信息。对象探索及其产生的知识反过来又是后来语言和交流发展的基础。这表明，通过物体探索介导的更大姿势控制的出现和逐步实现，可能会对以后的发展产生级联和深远的影响，不仅对更高级的运动规划技能，而且在通常不被认为受到早期运动发展影响的沟通和语言等领域。相反，伸手和姿势发展的延迟和障碍可能会对物体探索产生负面影响，从而对运动规划、语言和交流方面的后续高阶发展的最终发展产生负面影响。本申请中提出的工作旨在通过提供关于伸手的出现、姿势控制的增长、物体探索行为的变化以及2.5至36个月大的运动规划、语言和交流的后期发展的系统纵向数据，来阐明这些先前未探索的发育途径。这项研究具有创新性，因为它采用了密集的、纵向的家访观察计划，并结合了行为和运动学数据，可以密切跟踪伸手、自坐和物体探索方面的进展。这种多方法方法将支持对这些领域的规范和非典型发展轨迹及其与发展领域内和跨领域后来出现的行为发展的关系的详细检查。通过不仅关注典型发育的低风险（LR）婴儿，而且关注已知的沟通延迟高风险（HR）婴儿（即，有被诊断患有自闭症的哥哥或姐姐的婴儿），我们将能够评估早期的延迟模式并检查他们可能产生的任何负面连锁效应，这反过来将为改善临床实践和设计干预措施奠定基础，以纠正早期延迟 并避免其连锁效应。该项目的成功完成将导致： a) 澄清第一年中姿势控制的发展、婴儿伸手的发展和物体探索技能的提高之间关系的本质； b) 详细说明 HR 婴儿在姿势控制、伸手和物体探索方面的延迟和损伤的性质和程度； c) 识别早期姿势和运动发展与后来的高阶运动、语言和沟通技能之间存在的任何预测关系，这些关系是由物体探索的增长所介导的。