Yellow Fever/Dengue Virus Competence in Aedes aegypt aegypti/formosus in Senegal

埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti sensu latu（s.l.）是黄热病病毒（YFV）传播给人类的主要载体， 登革病毒的四种血清型（DENV 1 -4）。没有DENV的许可疫苗， 尽管存在安全、有效的YFV疫苗，但控制这些疾病仍然主要是 依赖于病媒控制我们的长期目标是增加当地居民的知识 动态，以产生更有针对性的，适当的，希望可持续的控制策略。 有两个已知的亚种Ae。埃及人：推测的埃及人祖先的形式。aegypti formosus（Aaf），一种栖息在撒哈拉以南非洲森林栖息地的森林蚊子;和Ae. 埃及伊蚊（Aaa），分布于全球热带和亚热带地区， 与人类的联系。我们一直在研究基因流，载体能力和 Aaa和Aaf在塞内加尔的分布。我们目前的数据显示，西北-东南渐变 这两个亚种的丰度。西北收藏只包括Aaa， 东南部的收藏品都是AAF。这两个亚种同域分布于6个高草中 塞内加尔中部的热带稀树草原和灌木丛。与文献一致， DENV 2与亚种分布相关。西北Aaa收藏有 高播散性感染率（EAF），而东南AAF集合具有低EAF 与DENV 2的中肠逃逸屏障相关。奇怪的是，我们的数据和最近的 研究表明，在所有地理位置和亚种之间持续的基因流动， 塞内加尔.这就提出了一个悖论：矢量能力的分布和 当基因流动是连续的时，亚种是区域性的吗？我们提供了令人兴奋的数据， QTL作图实验出错，表明Aaa/Aaf中的重组减少 杂交，符合染色体倒位存在于两者之间的假设 亚种。倒置将允许亚种之间的基因流动，同时保留 亚种间形态标记与媒介能力的关联。的 在Ae中反转的可能性。埃及公司一直在讨论，但从未得到证实， 无法准确分辨多线染色体。我们的具体目标是 Aaf的密集连锁图，以确定假定的倒位。从这张地图上出现的标记 将被用来定义在塞内加尔倒置的地理分布。因此，我们建议 定位了调控对DENV 2和YFV易感性Aaf QTL。我们还计划访问50个 我们的初步调查未涵盖塞内加尔的其他地点，以提供更全面的覆盖范围 病媒能力和亚种的流行程度。

Aedes aegypti sensu latu (s.l.) is the primary vector to humans of yellow fever virus (YFV) and the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4). Without a licensed vaccine for DENV, and despite the existence of a safe, effective YFV vaccine, control of these diseases still primarily relies on vector control. Our long term goal is to increase knowledge of local population dynamics to generate more focused, appropriate, and hopefully sustainable control strategies. There are two recognized subspecies of Ae. aegypti: the presumed ancestral form Ae. aegypti formosus (Aaf), a sylvan mosquito inhabiting forest habitats in sub-Saharan Africa; and Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa), found circumglobally in tropical and subtropical regions in close association with humans. We have been studying gene flow, vector competence and the distribution of Aaa and Aaf in Senegal. We present data that show a northwest-southeast cline in the abundance of the two subspecies. Northwest collections consist of only Aaa while collections in the southeast are all Aaf. The two subspecies were sympatric in six tall grass savanna and scrub sites in central Senegal. Consistent with the literature, competence for DENV2 is correlated with the distribution of the subspecies. Northwestern Aaa collections have a high disseminated infection rate (DIR) while southeast Aaf collections have a low DIR associated with a midgut escape barrier for DENV2. Curiously, our data and a recent publication suggest continuous gene flow across all geographic locations and subspecies in Senegal. This presents a paradox: How can the distribution of vector competence and subspecies be regional when gene flow is continuous? We present exciting data from a QTL mapping experiment gone wrong that demonstrate reduced recombination in Aaa/Aaf hybrids, consistent with an hypothesis that chromosomal inversions exist between the two subspecies. Inversions would allow for gene flow between subspecies while preserving associations in subspecies between morphological markers and vector competence. The possibility of inversions in Ae. aegypti s.l. has been discussed but never proven due to an inability to accurately resolve their polytene chromosomes. Our specific aims are to generate an intensive linkage map of Aaf to define presumptive inversions. Markers arising from this map will be used to define the geographic distribution of inversions in Senegal. We then propose to map Aaf QTL that condition susceptibility to DENV2 and YFV. We also plan to visit 50 additional sites in Senegal not covered in our initial survey to provide a more thorough coverage of vector competence and the prevalence of the subspecies.