Utilization and Health Outcomes for Veterans with Expanded Health Care Accessâ¯

扩大医疗保健服务范围的退伍军人的利用和健康结果

• 批准号: 10221782
• 负责人: TODD H WAGNER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VETERANS ADMIN PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10221782
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Automobile Driving; Budgets; Caring; Censuses; Communities; Community Healthcare; Correlation Studies; Data; Diagnosis; Disease; Elderly; Eligibility Determination; Ensure; Etiology; Evolution; Future; General Population; Health; Health Insurance; Health Personnel; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Research; Healthcare; Healthcare Systems; Improve Access; Individual; Insurance Coverage; Investments; Link; Location; Machine Learning; Measures; Medicare; Methodology; Methods; Natural experiment; Outcome; Patients; Persons; Policies; Prevalence; Privatization; Procedures; Provider; Publishing; Quality of Care; Records; Research; Research Methodology; Seminal; Services; Subgroup; Surveys; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Veterans; Wait Time; Work; design; econometrics; evidence base; gaps in access; health care availability; health care service utilization; improved; innovation; mortality; novel; programs; randomized, clinical trials; satisfaction; treatment effect

Background: Improving access to high-quality care is a top priority for VHA. However, access is difficult to measure, especially in the ever-changing U.S. health care landscape. VHA currently focuses on perceived satisfaction measured from survey questions, or wait times measured with administrative data. The wait time metric has received considerable focus in both the Choice and MISSION Acts, yet experts recognize that wait times are imperfect; they are not only challenging to interpret, but they are rarely available from community providers, hindering any VHA to non-VA comparisons. VHA leaders tasked with implementing the Choice and MISSION Acts desire better evidence-based access measures so they can evaluate their program’s impact. Our inability to measure access threatens the future of VHA as a health care provider. Without new metrics that track gaps or improvements in access, VHA is likely to invest in the wrong initiatives, fueling critics who will argue that privatization will fix the programs Significance/Impact: Our objective is to develop new measures of access. These new measures will provide causal information on gaps in VHA services, while also showing the potential impact that expanded access would have on Veterans’ health. Our study leverages natural experiments in the form of arbitrary administrative rules that enable Veterans to access care outside VHA in the forms of Medicare and VA Community Care (VACC). Veterans close to the rule thresholds are similar, yet some gain access based on the rule, while the others do not. We can leverage this information to understand how this added access changes health care utilization and health outcomes. Our results will be useful to national and local VHA leaders as they grapple with how to best improve access with a limited budget. Innovation: It is not feasible to perform a large-scale randomized clinical trial to find the effect of access on utilization and health outcomes. Correlational studies will miss important confounders, and as everyone knows correlation does not equal causation, which is what VHA leaders need most. Instead, we apply novel econometric techniques to take advantage of natural experiments and find the causal effects of increasing access. The results from this approach can then be used as a measure of access for both VHA and non-VA care. This is directly aligned with HSR&D's priorities on access to care, research related to the MISSION Act, and advancing health services research methods across conditions or care settings. Specific Aims: Aim 1: Find the causal impact of Medicare eligibility on Veteran utilization and health, and identify procedures and diagnosis groups that are most affected. Aim 2: Find the causal impact of VACC on Veteran utilization and health, and find the procedures and diagnoses most affected. Aim 3: Identify subgroup analyses that would give crucial information to VHA leaders. Methodology: In Aims 1 and 2, we will apply an econometric technique called regression discontinuity design. We will gather a near complete census of VHA and non-VA records for all recent Veteran VHA users, allowing for precise claims-based measures of utilization, health, and mortality. In Aim 1, this approach leverages the sharp change in Medicare eligibility that occurs at age 65 to find the effect of Medicare on utilization and health. Aim 2 uses the same approach, but instead of age 65, we use the driving distance rules to find the effect of VA Community Care on utilization and health. For these aims we will examine both overall effects and procedure and diagnosis specific effects. In Aim 3, we take a combined approach of working with operational partners and applying machine learning techniques for heterogenous treatment effects to identify and examine metrics and measures that can be used for policy formation. Next Steps and Implementation: By working with operational partners through Aim 3, we will identify opportunities and barriers to implementing measures and metrics derived from our results. This information will be key to setting policy related to VHA’s evolution into a provider and payer of Veteran care while ensuring that Veterans receive high-quality care in both VHA and non-VA settings.

背景：改善获得高质量护理的机会是VHA的首要任务。然而，进入是困难的