Cancer Prevention and Control

夏威夷是美国最有希望的单一地点，可以加强我们在如何预防和减少多个种族/民族、社会经济和地理上孤立的群体之间与癌症有关的差异方面的知识的深度和广度。癌症预防和控制计划(P&C)进行研究，旨在减少夏威夷和太平洋地区人民与癌症相关的差异，这些地区具有显著的文化和种族多样性。学院研究通过推进行为和生物行为研究，在社区和临床环境中减少健康和高危青年和成人人口中可改变的生活方式风险因素，独特地专注于癌症的初级预防。P&C的两个主要主题是1)阐明个人、人际和社会/社区层面的因素影响烟草、酒精和槟榔使用、营养、体育活动和肥胖的机制，2)测试多民族青年和成年人中有理论依据的行为干预。最近的进展有助于确定电影中对吸烟和饮酒的描述影响青少年吸烟和饮酒的机制；阐明族裔在烟草使用中的作用以及双重过程理论和跨理论模型(TTM)在多族裔人群中吸烟问题上的作用；确定影响吸烟的基因行为因素；揭示TTIVI在体育活动行为和多族裔人群中的适用性；为肥胖和体重管理问题提供种族/族裔和性别背景；以及说明基于社会生态框架的干预措施的有效性，以增加体力活动和其他生活方式风险因素。研究/社区能力和传播赠款增加了多民族人口的翻译能力以及减少风险行为的覆盖面和采纳量。 我们新重组的计划包括10名全职教员和8名副教员，他们带来了不同的学科专业知识，帮助该计划加快在初级癌症预防、行为和生物行为研究以及致癌物质成瘾科学方面的科学发现。教职员工任职于夏威夷大学癌症中心、夏威夷大学社会工作学院、护理和牙齿卫生学院、药房、艺术和人文学院以及约翰·A·伯恩斯医学院的家庭医学和社区卫生、医学和公共卫生科学系。免费赠送的专业知识包括12名具有初级癌症预防专业知识的成员，12名具有行为和生物行为科学专业知识的教职员工，17名从事健康差异研究的研究人员，以及8名在致癌物质成瘾科学方面具有长期经验的成员。为了加快减少癌症的进展，P&C教员与UCC流行病学和癌症生物学项目、夏威夷大学其他学院和学院的教员以及夏威夷大学以外的教员进行互动。P&C项目的活动依赖于几个UCC共享的资源，包括生物统计学和信息学、基因组学、营养学、临床和转化研究科学，并通过工作组、研讨会和会议进行互动。P&C的教职员工成功地争取到了720万澳元的直接拨款，以及NCI批准的1270万美元的癌症研究经费。另外140万的直接成本和150万的总成本是从其他同行审查来源获得的。2005年至2011年间，P&C成员发表了218篇以癌症为重点的同行评议论文。合作出版的比例从2005年的25.2%增加到2011年的36%。

Hawai'i is the single most promising site in the United States that can enhance the depth and breath of our knowledge on how to prevent and reduce cancer-related disparities among multiple racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographically isolated groups. The Cancer Prevention and Control Program (P&C) conducts research that aims to reduce cancer-related disparities in the people of Hawai'i and Pacific region, areas with remarkable cultural and ethnic diversity. Faculty research uniquely focuses on the primary prevention of cancer by advancing behavioral and bio-behavioral research to reduce modifiable lifestyle risk factors in healthy and high-risk youth and adult populations in community and clinical settings. P&C's two major themes are 1) to elucidate mechanisms by which intrapersonal, interpersonal, and societal/community level factors influence tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut use; nutrition; physical activity; and obesity, and 2) to test theoretically-grounded behavioral interventions among multiethnic youth and adults. Recent advances help to identify mechanisms by which the depictions of smoking and drinking in movies influence adolescent cigarette and alcohol use; elucidate the role of ethnicity in tobacco use and the roles of dual process theory and the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) in cigarette smoking among multiethnic populations; Identify gene-behavioral factors that influence cigarette smoking; unravel the applicability of TTIVI to physical activity behaviors and among multiethnic populations; provide racial/ethnic and gender context to the problem of obesity and weight management; and illustrate the efficacy of interventions grounded in a socio-ecological framework to increase physical activity and other lifestyle risk factors. Research/community capacity and dissemination grants increase translational capacity and the reach and adoption of risk reduction behaviors among multiethnic populations. Our newly restructured Program includes 10 full and 8 associate faculty members who bring diverse disciplinary expertise that helps the Program to accelerate scientific discoveries in primary cancer prevention, behavioral and biobehavioral research, and addictive carcinogens science. Faculty members hold appointments in the University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, the University of Hawai'i Schools of Social Work, Nursing and Dental Hygiene, Pharmacy, Arts and Humanities, and the John A. Burns School of Medicine Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medicine, and Public Health Sciences. Complimentary expertise includes 12 members with expertise in primary cancer prevention, 12 faculty with expertise in the behavioral and bio-behavioral sciences; 17 researchers engaged in health disparities research; and 8 members with long-standing experience in addictive carcinogens science. To accelerate progress in reducing cancer, P&C faculty members interact with the UHCC Epidemiology and Cancer Biology Programs, faculty from other colleges and schools of the University of Hawai'i, and faculty outside of the University of Hawai'i. The activities of the P&C Program rely on several UHCC shared resources including Biostatistics and Informatics, Genomics, Nutrition, and the Clinical and Translational Research Sciences and interactions through workgroups, seminars, and meetings. P&C faculty members have successfully competed to secure S7.2M in direct and $12.7M in total NCI-approved cancer research dollars. An additional 1.4M in direct and 1.5 M in total costs were secured from other peer-reviewed sources. Between 2005 and 2011, P&C members published 218 peer-reviewed cancer-focused papers. The percentage of collaborative publications increased from 25.2% in 2005 to 36% in 2011.