Genome Analysis: Data Accuracy, Haplotyping and Mapping

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to develop an array of novel statistical methods for association analysis of functional phenotypes arising from high-throughput sequencing assays in genetics and genomics, specifically data from RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and DNase-seq assays. Our proposed approach is to treat the number of reads mapping to each base along the genome as a highly-multivariate, but also highly-structured, phenotype. Using methods from signal processing (wavelets), we will develop methods to identify regions of the genome where these phenotypes differ significantly between samples, or groups of samples (e.g. cell types, treatment groups, or genotype classes). In contrast to approaches based on sliding windows, the methods will be capable of identifying differences that occur at multiple different scales. The statistical methods we develop will facilitate both small-scale comparisons (e.g. identifying differences in binding, o histone modifications, between two samples or conditions), and larger-scale analyses, such as genetic association analyses that aim to identify genetic variants associated with these phenotypes (expression QTLs, binding QTLs, dsQTLs). As an important special case, our methods will tackle the commonly- encountered problem of identifying differentially expressed genes, including variations in splicing or alternative transcripts, from RNA-seq data. These methods will build on and substantially extend methods for association analyses developed during the current funding cycle of this R01. The result of our research will be a suite of statistical tools that will greatly facilitate the analysis of the wide range of genetic and genomi studies that involve functional phenotypes. We will produce and distribute user-friendly software implementing these methods. We will use our methods to analyze existing data generated by our collaborators, and publicly-available data from the NIH-funded GTeX project, both to compare them with existing analysis methods and to identify regulatory genetic variants responsible for phenotypic variation. The overall objective is for the work to provide software and statistical tools for the genetics and genomics research community, facilitating biological discoveries and insights, and, ultimately, understanding of the genetic basis of common disease.