Functions of the thalamus in perception and cognition

丘脑在感知和认知中的功能

• 批准号: 8539624
• 负责人: SABINE KASTNER
• 金额: $ 38.24万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8539624
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Animals; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attentional deficit; Behavior; Behavioral; Binding; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complement; Decision Making; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Goals; Grant; Health; Human; Image; Impairment; Individual; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lesion; Macaca; Maps; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Methods; Monkeys; Neurons; Output; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Process; Property; Public Health; Pulvinar structure; Relative (related person); Research; Resolution; Role; Schizophrenia; Stroke; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamic structure; Training; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual attention; Work; area V4; base; behavior measurement; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; directed attention; effective therapy; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; operation; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; spatial neglect; transmission process; treatment strategy; visual cognition; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The pulvinar is the largest nucleus in the primate thalamus and is considered a higher-order thalamic nucleus because it forms input-output loops almost exclusively with the cortex. From an anatomical perspective, the pulvinar is ideally positioned to regulate the transmission of information to the cortex and between cortical areas to influence perceptual and cognitive processes. However, experimental evidence in support of such a functional role has been sparse. The most compelling evidence for the pulvinar playing an important role in visual perception and cognition has come from lesion studies in humans and monkeys. These studies point to the critical involvement of the pulvinar in a number of fundamental cognitive functions, including orienting responses and the exploration of visual space, feature binding, and the filtering of unwanted information. The underlying neural correlates of these cognitive operations in the pulvinar are largely unclear. The proposed project aims at defining the role of the pulvinar in visual attention. The central hypothesis is that the pulvinar is an integral subcortical part of a large-scale network mediating the selection of behaviorally relevant information and that it operates by co-ordinating activity in cortical areas. By using an integrated multi-modal methods approach that includes functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and behavioral measures in humans and monkeys, and invasive electrophysiology in monkeys we will probe these ideas by pursuing two main aims: (i) to characterize the temporal dynamics of pulvino-cortical interactions by simultaneously recording from interconnected areas in macaque pulvinar and cortex in animals trained to perform a spatial attention task and (ii) to characterize the large-scale functional organization of the human pulvinar, which is largely uncharted brain territory, and its attention functions relative to cortical attention networks. The significance of the proposed research is that it will contribute to a better understanding of the pulvinar's role in a fundamental cognitive operation, selective attention, the impairment of which has devastating consequences on human health. Attentional deficits are frequently observed in neurological diseases (e.g. after stroke) leading to visuo-spatial neglect, an impairment in directing attention to contralesional visual space, as well as in psychiatric diseases (e.g. schizophrenia). Our proposed studies also aim at defining the pulvinar's role in integrating information from different cortical areas according to the behavioral context, which will help solve one of the deep mysteries in cognitive neuroscience, that is, to understand the functions of thalamo-cortical interactions in perception and cognition. !

描述（由申请人提供）：pulvinar是灵长类动物丘脑中最大的核，被认为是高阶丘脑核，因为它几乎与皮质形成了输入输出回路。从解剖学的角度来看，理想情况下，Pulvinar可以调节信息向皮层的传播以及皮质区域之间的传播，以影响感知和认知过程。但是，支持这种功能作用的实验证据很少。 pulvinar在视觉感知和认知中起着重要作用的最令人信服的证据来自人类和猴子的病变研究。这些研究表明，pulvinar在许多基本认知功能中的关键参与，包括定向反应和视觉空间的探索，特征结合以及不需要信息的过滤。这些认知操作在Pulvinar中的潜在神经相关性在很大程度上不清楚。拟议的项目旨在定义普尔维纳尔在视觉关注中的作用。核心假设是，脉冲是大规模网络的一组次皮层部分，该网络介导了行为相关信息的选择，并且它通过在皮质区域的协调活动而运作。 通过使用包括功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），人类和猴子中的扩散张量成像（DTI）和行为度量的集成多模式方法方法，以及猴子的侵入性电生理学，我们将通过探讨这些主要目的来探究这些思想的录像：（i）与录制的录像：（i）的相互作用：（I）在经过训练的动物中，猕猴的脉冲和皮质是执行空间注意任务的，并且（ii）表征了人类pulvinar的大规模功能组织，该组织在很大程度上是未知的大脑领域，其注意力功能相对于皮质注意网络的功能。拟议的研究的意义在于，它将有助于更好地理解pulvinar在基本认知中的作用 操作，选择性关注，其损害对人类健康产生毁灭性后果。注意力缺陷经常在神经系统疾病（例如，中风后）导致视觉空间忽视，引导注意相对于视觉空间以及精神病（例如精神分裂症）的障碍。我们提出的研究还旨在根据行为背景来定义普尔维纳尔在整合不同皮质区域的信息中的作用，这将有助于解决认知神经科学中的深奥奥秘之一，也就是说，了解丘脑 - 皮质相互作用在感知和认知中的功能。呢