Attentional Functions of the Pulvinar

枕丘的注意功能

• 批准号: 8005851
• 负责人: SABINE KASTNER
• 金额: $ 24.15万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8005851
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attentional deficit; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Cell Nucleus; Cognition; Cognitive; Communication; Data; Detection; Electrodes; Environment; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Individual; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lesion; Light; Location; Macaca; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Perception; Phase; Physiology; Play; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Process; Public Health; Pulvinar structure; Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Staging; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Technology; Testing; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamic structure; Variant; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Pathways; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Work; attentional modulation; directed attention; effective therapy; frontal eye fields; lateral intraparietal area; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; operation; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; spatial neglect; transmission process; treatment strategy; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The selection of relevant information from cluttered environments for further processing is one of the most fundamental cognitive abilities for guiding behavior. This becomes strikingly clear when attentional selection mechanisms fail, such as in individuals afflicted with ADHD, visuospatial hemineglect that is often observed after stroke, and schizophrenia. Converging evidence from physiology and functional brain imaging studies reveals that attentional selection occurs at multiple stages along the visual pathway. E.g. neural responses are modulated by spatially directed attention to a target location as early as in the lateral geniculate nucleus and at each successive visual processing stage. These modulatory influences appear to be generated by a network of higher-order areas in frontal and parietal cortex including the frontal eye fields and lateral intraparietal area (LIP). While much effort has been made towards an understanding of attentional mechanisms at the cortical level, the functional role of subcortical areas is poorly defined. There is evidence from human and macaque lesion studies that a large thalamic nucleus, the pulvinar, plays an important role in the selection process. The pulvinar is widely connected with fronto-parietal and visual cortex and is thus well positioned to influence communication across the cortex. However, very few physiology studies probing pulvinar activity during attentional selection tasks have been performed. The goal of the proposed research is to characterize attentional function in the pulvinar (SA #1) and to characterize how the pulvinar and cortex interact during attentional selection (SA #2). The central hypothesis is that the pulvinar coordinates activity in cortical areas, in order to regulate information transmission according to attentional requirements. To test this hypothesis, we will simultaneously record neural activity in the pulvinar and cortical area LIP, while monkeys perform a selective attention task. The proposed research is aimed at advancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms and the network interactions that mediate attentional functions in the primate brain. Progress in understanding the basic mechanisms of selective attention is a first necessary step in developing effective treatment strategies for attentional deficits. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research is relevant to public health because it is expected to advance our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying selective attention, which is one of the most fundamental cognitive abilities for guiding behavior. This becomes strikingly clear when attentional selection mechanisms fail, such as in individuals afflicted with ADHD, visuo-spatial hemineglect that is often observed following stroke, and schizophrenia. Progress in understanding the basic mechanisms of selective attention is a first necessary step in developing effective treatment strategies for attentional deficits.

描述（由申请人提供）：从混乱环境中选择有关进一步处理的相关信息是指导行为的最基本认知能力之一。当注意力选择机制失败时，例如在患有多动症的个体中，人们经常在中风后和精神分裂症中观察到，这将变得非常清楚。来自生理学和功能性脑成像研究的融合证据表明，注意选择发生在视觉途径的多个阶段。例如。神经反应早在侧向核核和每个连续的视觉处理阶段就可以通过空间向目标位置进行调节。这些调节性影响似乎是由额叶和顶叶皮层的高阶区域网络产生的，包括额眼田和侧面室内区域（LIP）。尽管在理解皮质水平的注意机制方面已经付出了很多努力，但皮质下区域的功能作用很差。从人类和猕猴病变研究中有证据表明，大丘脑核（Pulvinar）在选择过程中起着重要作用。 pulvinar与额叶和视觉皮层广泛连接，因此可以很好地影响整个皮质的通信。但是，很少有生理学研究在注意选择任务中探测pulvinar活性。拟议的研究的目的是表征Pulvinar（SA＃1）中的注意力功能，并表征注意力选择期间的Pulvinar和Cortex如何相互作用（SA＃2）。中心假设是，脉冲组织在皮质区域坐标活动，以根据注意力要求调节信息传递。为了检验这一假设，我们将同时记录pulvinar和皮质区域唇部的神经活动，而猴子执行选择性的注意任务。拟议的研究旨在促进我们对介导灵长类动物注意力功能的神经机制和网络相互作用的理解。理解选择性注意的基本机制的进展是制定注意力缺陷有效治疗策略的第一步。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究与公共卫生有关，因为有望提高我们对选择性关注的神经机制的理解，这是指导行为的最基本认知能力之一。当注意力选择机制失败时，例如患有ADHD，视觉空间半骨的人，这将变得非常清楚，通常在中风和精神分裂症后观察到。理解选择性注意的基本机制的进展是制定注意力缺陷有效治疗策略的第一步。