Synthesis and Characterization Core

合成和表征核心

• 批准号: 8377311
• 负责人: ANITA H LEWIN
• 金额: $ 11.61万
• 依托单位: RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8377311
• 关键词: Ablation; Biological; Brain; C14 isotope; Carbon; Carbon nanoparticle; Cardiovascular system; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Characteristics; Chemicals; Data Set; Defect; Deposition; Detection; Development; Dose; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Formulations; Endotoxins; Engineering; Environmental Pollution; Evaluation; Fullerenes; Government; Growth; Housing; Hydrocarbons; Incidence; Investigation; Iron; Label; Lasers; Materials Testing; Metals; Methods; Nanotechnology; Organic solvent product; Outcome; Patients; Plasma; Preparation; Procedures; Process; Progress Reports; Property; Publishing; Radiolabeled; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Safety; Solubility; Solutions; Solvents; Source; Tissue Sample; Tissues; Toxicology; Tube; Universities; catalyst; experience; multi walled carbon nanotube; nanomaterials; nanoparticle; nanosized; oxidation; radiotracer; reproductive; single walled carbon nanotube; tissue/cell culture; vapor; zeta potential

Carbon engineered nanomaterials (CENMs) are relativity new (Kroto, 1985; lijima, 1991), and despite the fast-advancing research that utilizes the unique properties of CENMs, understanding of their toxicology is only now developing. The characterization of nanoparticles to identify the causal properties for toxicology studies has been a source of controversy in the growing nanotechnology field, and a number of lists of the "minimum characterization data set" have been published (Oberdorster et al., 2005; Powers et al., 2006; NCI, 2009). An unrecognized and confounding problem discovered by RTI researchers is random endotoxin contamination in commercial CENMs (Esch et al., 2010). A second confounding problem is that the CENMs may retain solvents used during purification, which may influence ttie outcomes of toxicology studies (Spohn et al,, 2009), Therefore, the method of purification ofthe CENMs must be carefully selected and the volatile content ofthe test material determined. Since the graphene-derived CENMs are formed by the assembly of carbon atoms in the vapor state, methods such as plasma arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are the main synthetic approaches. These procedures afford COO, as well as other polyhedral carbon moieties (e.g., fullerenes), polyaromafic compounds, amorphous carbon, and carbon (Hou, 2008). Isolation and characterization of COO as a well-defined organic molecule with some solubility in organic solvents is relatively simple (see Section 4, Preliminary Studies/Progress Report). MWCNTs derived from CVD, which involves catalyst-assisted decomposition of hydrocarbons and growth over metal catalysts, have a higher incidence of defects than those produced by arc discharge. Contaminants are metals, which may be within the MWCNTs or within polyhedral carbon byproducts, aromafic hydrocarbons, or amorphous carbon. On the other hand, MWCNTs obtained from arc discharge are considered to be relatively pure (Henstridge, 2008). RTI's approach is to use an in-house research-scale plasma arc discharge method (see Section 4, Preliminary Studies/Progress Report) that has been used for the past 4 years to provide well-characterized, pure carbon-14 uniformly labeled 060, MWCNT, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to researchers in universities and government. This approach also eliminates any possibility of process or environmental contamination. It has been our experience that our synthetic procedure is reproducible and that the physical and chemical characterisfics are identical for the carbon-14 labeled and unlabeled materials. We have conducted characterization studies of commercial 060 and MWCNT (Esch et al., 2010; Levine et al., 2010) and found that our synthesized materials have comparable physical characteristics.

碳工程纳米材料（CENM）是相对较新的（Kroto，1985; lijima，1991），尽管利用CENM的独特性质的研究进展迅速，但对其毒理学的理解现在才开始发展。表征纳米颗粒以识别用于毒理学研究的因果性质一直是日益增长的纳米技术领域中争议的来源，并且已经公布了许多"最小表征数据集"的列表（Oberdorster等人，2005; Powers等人，2006年; NCI，2009年）。RTI研究人员发现的一个未认识到的和混淆的问题是商业CENM中的随机内毒素污染（埃施等人，2010年）。第二个混淆问题是CENM可能保留纯化过程中使用的溶剂，这可能影响毒理学研究的结果（Spohn et 因此，必须仔细选择CENM的纯化方法，并测定试验材料的挥发物含量。 由于石墨烯衍生的CENM是通过碳原子在气相状态下的组装形成的，因此诸如等离子体电弧放电、激光烧蚀和化学气相沉积（CVD）的方法是主要的合成方法。这些程序提供COO以及其它多面体碳部分（例如，富勒烯）、多芳族化合物、无定形碳和碳（Hou，2008）。COO作为一种定义明确的有机分子，在有机溶剂中具有一定的溶解度，其分离和表征相对简单（见第4节，初步研究/进展报告）。来自CVD的多壁碳纳米管，其涉及催化剂辅助的烃类分解和在金属催化剂上的生长，具有比电弧放电产生的缺陷更高的发生率。污染物是金属，其可以在MWCNT内或在多面体碳副产物、芳香族烃或无定形碳内。另一方面，从电弧放电获得的MWCNT被认为是相对纯的（亨斯特里奇，2008）。RTI的方法是使用内部研究规模的等离子体电弧放电方法（见第4节，初步研究/进展报告），该方法已在过去4年中用于向大学和政府的研究人员提供表征良好的纯碳-14，统一标记为060，MWCNT和单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）。这种方法还消除了任何工艺或环境污染的可能性。根据我们的经验，我们的合成方法是可重复的，并且碳-14标记和未标记材料的物理和化学特性是相同的。我们已经进行了商业060和MWCNT的表征研究（埃施等人，2010年; Levine等人，2010年），并发现我们的合成材料具有可比的物理特性。