Siblings Reared Apart: A Naturalistic Cross-Fostering Study of Young Children

分开抚养的兄弟姐妹：一项针对幼儿的自然主义交叉抚养研究

• 批准号: 8531773
• 负责人: Leslie Diane Leve
• 金额: $ 62.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-30 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8531773
• 关键词: 7 year old; Accounting; Adopted; Adoption; Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; American; Animals; Biological; Birth; Buffers; Characteristics; Child; Child Behavior; Child Rearing; Childhood; Competence; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Dependence; Development; Diagnosis; Discipline; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Environment; Ethics; Family; Fostering; Future; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Risk; Growth and Development function; Home environment; Hostility; Human; Illicit Drugs; Inherited; Intervention; Link; Marital Relationships; Measures; Monitor; Mothers; Outcome; Outcomes Research; Parenting behavior; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Problem behavior; Psychopathology; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Rodent; Role; Sampling; Siblings; Social Adjustment; Social Characteristics; Testing; Work; addiction; adopted child; base; caregiving; competence factor; design; drug abuse prevention; executive function; intergenerational; nonhuman primate; offspring; parental monitoring; peer; preventive intervention; prospective; public health relevance; research study; social skills; teacher; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study utilizes a naturalistic human cross-fostering design to advance the understanding of childhood pathways to risk for drug use by identifying nuances in the rearing environment that are associated with child risk behaviors and competencies. In this quasi-experimental study, the sample will consist of 215 sibling pairs in which one sibling was reared from birth with an adoptive family, and the other sibling was reared from birth by the biological mother of the sibling pair. Similar to non-human cross-fostering studies, this design allows for the differentiation of the effects of the rearing environment from effect of shared genes between parent and child. The sample will be drawn from an existing study of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families (the Early Growth and Development Study; R01HD42608 and R01DA020585). We propose to add new data on 215 biological siblings of the adopted children. The biological siblings and their rearing parents will be assessed at the same age (age 7) and using the same measures that were used to assess the adopted children and the adoptive parents. The assessment includes child risk behaviors (e.g., externalizing problems, inhibitory control deficits) and social competencies (social skills, prosocial peer relations) known to be predictive of later drug use. The assessment of the rearing environment includes both risk-promoting (harsh parental discipline, parental drug use, conflictual partner relations, and parent psychopathology) and competence-promoting (e.g., parental sensitivity, warmth, effective monitoring, and warm marital relations) factors. To our knowledge, there is no other human cross-fostering study of social adjustment or parenting in childhood. The specific aims focus on the prevention of risk pathways leading to later drug use: (1) Compare risk behaviors and social competencies between the siblings reared apart; (2) Examine links between differences in siblings' rearing environment and differences in child adjustment; (3) Examine how positive rearing environments may buffer risk from children's inherited tendencies and how negative rearing environments may exacerbate inherited risk (GxE). The proposed study is well positioned to examine how the care giving environment differentially affects outcomes for siblings who are genetically-related, but who are reared from birth in different environments. The results will inform prevention efforts for reducing children's risk for later drug use by identifying facets of the rearing environment that are associated with child risk behaviors once shared genes between parent and children are removed, and rearing environments that might additionally offset inherited liabilities for early externalizing problems.

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究利用自然主义的人类交叉养育设计，通过识别与儿童危险行为和能力相关的养育环境中的细微差别，促进对儿童吸毒风险途径的理解。在这项准实验研究中，样本将由215对兄弟姐妹组成，其中一个兄弟姐妹从出生时就由收养家庭抚养，另一个兄弟姐妹从出生起就由兄弟姐妹的生母抚养。类似于非人类的交叉养育研究，这种设计允许区分养育环境的影响和父母和孩子之间共享基因的影响。样本将来自对领养儿童及其生物学和领养家庭的现有研究(早期生长和发育研究；R01HD42608和R01DA020585)。我们建议增加关于收养儿童的215个亲生兄弟姐妹的新数据。亲生兄弟姐妹和他们的养育父母将 在相同的年龄(7岁)进行评估，并使用评估收养儿童和养父母时使用的相同衡量标准。评估包括儿童危险行为(例如，外化问题、抑制控制缺陷)和社交能力(社交技能、 亲社会的同伴关系)可以预测以后的药物使用。对养育环境的评估既包括促进风险的因素(严厉的父母管教、父母吸毒、冲突的伴侣关系和父母的精神病态)，也包括促进能力的因素(例如，父母的敏感、温暖、有效的监测和融洽的婚姻关系)。据我们所知，没有其他关于儿童社会适应或育儿方式的人类交叉养育研究。具体目标集中于预防导致以后吸毒的风险途径：(1)比较分开抚养的兄弟姐妹之间的危险行为和社会能力；(2)检查兄弟姐妹养育环境的差异与儿童适应差异之间的联系；(3)检查积极的养育环境如何缓冲儿童遗传倾向的风险，以及消极的养育环境如何加剧遗传风险(GxE)。这项拟议的研究很好地研究了护理环境如何对遗传相关、但在不同环境中出生的兄弟姐妹的结局产生不同影响。这一结果将为预防工作提供信息，以减少儿童 一旦父母和孩子之间的共同基因被移除，确定与儿童危险行为相关的养育环境方面，以及可能额外抵消早期外部化问题的遗传责任的养育环境，可能会增加以后使用药物的风险。