Siblings Reared Apart: A Naturalistic Cross-Fostering Study of Young Children

分开抚养的兄弟姐妹：一项针对幼儿的自然主义交叉抚养研究

• 批准号: 8850412
• 负责人: Leslie Diane Leve
• 金额: $ 67.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-30 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8850412
• 关键词: 7 year old; Accounting; Adopted; Adoption; Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; American; Animals; Biological; Birth; Buffers; Characteristics; Child; Child Behavior; Child Rearing; Childhood; Competence; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Dependence; Development; Diagnosis; Discipline; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Environment; Ethics; Family; Fostering; Future; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Risk; Growth and Development function; Home environment; Hostility; Human; Illicit Drugs; Inherited; Intervention; Link; Marital Relationships; Measures; Monitor; Mothers; Outcome; Outcomes Research; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Problem behavior; Psychopathology; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Rodent; Role; Sampling; Siblings; Social Adjustment; Social Characteristics; Testing; Work; addiction; adopted child; base; caregiving; competence factor; design; drug abuse prevention; executive function; gene environment interaction; intergenerational; nonhuman primate; offspring; parental monitoring; peer; prospective; public health relevance; research study; social skills; teacher; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study utilizes a naturalistic human cross-fostering design to advance the understanding of childhood pathways to risk for drug use by identifying nuances in the rearing environment that are associated with child risk behaviors and competencies. In this quasi-experimental study, the sample will consist of 215 sibling pairs in which one sibling was reared from birth with an adoptive family, and the other sibling was reared from birth by the biological mother of the sibling pair. Similar to non-human cross-fostering studies, this design allows for the differentiation of the effects of the rearing environment from effect of shared genes between parent and child. The sample will be drawn from an existing study of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families (the Early Growth and Development Study; R01HD42608 and R01DA020585). We propose to add new data on 215 biological siblings of the adopted children. The biological siblings and their rearing parents will be assessed at the same age (age 7) and using the same measures that were used to assess the adopted children and the adoptive parents. The assessment includes child risk behaviors (e.g., externalizing problems, inhibitory control deficits) and social competencies (social skills, prosocial peer relations) known to be predictive of later drug use. The assessment of the rearing environment includes both risk-promoting (harsh parental discipline, parental drug use, conflictual partner relations, and parent psychopathology) and competence-promoting (e.g., parental sensitivity, warmth, effective monitoring, and warm marital relations) factors. To our knowledge, there is no other human cross-fostering study of social adjustment or parenting in childhood. The specific aims focus on the prevention of risk pathways leading to later drug use: (1) Compare risk behaviors and social competencies between the siblings reared apart; (2) Examine links between differences in siblings' rearing environment and differences in child adjustment; (3) Examine how positive rearing environments may buffer risk from children's inherited tendencies and how negative rearing environments may exacerbate inherited risk (GxE). The proposed study is well positioned to examine how the care giving environment differentially affects outcomes for siblings who are genetically-related, but who are reared from birth in different environments. The results will inform prevention efforts for reducing children's risk for later drug use by identifying facets of the rearing environment that are associated with child risk behaviors once shared genes between parent and children are removed, and rearing environments that might additionally offset inherited liabilities for early externalizing problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究采用自然的人类交叉培养设计，通过识别与儿童危险行为和能力相关的养育环境的细微差别，来促进对儿童吸毒风险途径的理解。在这个准实验研究中，样本将由215对兄弟姐妹组成，其中一个兄弟姐妹从出生起就由收养家庭抚养，另一个兄弟姐妹从出生起就由兄弟姐妹的亲生母亲抚养。与非人类交叉抚养研究类似，这种设计允许将抚养环境的影响与父母和孩子之间共享基因的影响区分开来。样本将取自一项现有的关于被收养儿童及其亲生家庭和收养家庭的研究（早期生长和发育研究；R01HD42608和R01DA020585）。我们建议增加215名被收养儿童的亲生兄弟姐妹的新数据。亲生兄弟姐妹和抚养他们的父母会