Gene-Environment Interplay and Development of Psychiatric Symptoms in Children

描述(由申请人提供)：该项目利用收养设计，通过(A)对6.0至7.5岁的领养儿童进行精神评估和(B)对养父母进行精神评估，来研究遗传、产前和出生后环境影响对行为、焦虑和抑郁问题早期路径的相互作用。已经对亲生父母进行了精神评估，这些数据将用于拟议的分析。此外，正在收集所有参与者的DNA，并将在本研究中进行分析。本研究建立在一项在幼儿期进行的纵向前瞻性收养研究的基础上：从婴儿期到幼儿期，招募和评估了两组被收养儿童及其出生和养父母，历时3-6次(早期生长和发育研究；EGDS-Cohort I，R01 HD42608和EGDS-Cohort II，R01 DA020585)。结合丰富的现有数据，拟议的数据将使我们能够更好地描述儿童早期出现的情绪和行为症状，这些症状已被证明可以预测以后的精神问题。因为我们将拥有出生父母和养父母的DNA样本和数据，我们将能够理清产前、遗传和养育环境因素与早期出现的情绪和行为症状以及后来的精神症状之间的关系。据我们所知，没有其他现有的数据集或资源可以解开和检查遗传、产前和出生后环境对幼儿症状发展的影响之间的相互作用。拟议的研究将使我们能够实现以下具体目标：SA1：确定儿童早期出现的行为和情绪，预测幼儿出现精神症状；SA2：检查产前暴露于物质和产前应激在加剧精神症状遗传风险方面的作用；SA3：考虑养育环境对产前和遗传风险因素对儿童精神症状的中介和调节作用；SA4：评估养父母的压力和他们自己的精神症状如何影响养育环境，以及中介和/或适度的遗传和产前影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project utilizes an adoption design to examine the interplay between genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental influences on early pathways to conduct, anxiety, and depressive problems by (a) conducting a psychiatric assessment of adopted children between 6.0 and 7.5 years of age and (b) conducting a psychiatric assessment of adoptive parents. Psychiatric assessments of the birth parents have already been conducted and these data will be utilized in the proposed analyses. In addition, DNA is being collected on all participants and will be available for analysis in the present study. The present study builds on a longitudinal prospective adoption study conducted during early childhood: two cohorts of adopted children and their birth and adoptive parents were recruited and assessed across 3 - 6 waves from infancy through early childhood (Early Growth and Development Study; EGDS-Cohort I, R01 HD42608 and EGDS-Cohort II, R01 DA020585). Combined with the rich existing data, the proposed data will allow us to better characterize early emerging emotional and behavioral symptoms in children that have been shown to predict later psychiatric problems. Because we will have DNA samples and data from birth and adoptive parents, we will be able to disentangle how prenatal, genetic, and rearing environment factors are related to early emerging emotional and behavioral symptoms, as well as to later psychiatric symptoms. To our knowledge, no other existing dataset or resource exists that can disentangle and examine the interplay among genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental influences on the development of symptoms in young children. The proposed study will allow us to achieve the following specific aims: SA1: Identify early emerging behaviors and emotions in children that predict onset of psychiatric symptoms in young children; SA2: Examine prenatal exposure to substances and prenatal stress in exacerbating genetic risk for psychiatric symptoms; SA3: Consider the mediating and moderating role of the rearing environment on prenatal and genetic risk factors on psychiatric symptoms in childhood; SA4: Assess how adoptive parents' stress and their own psychiatric symptoms impact the rearing environment and mediate and/or moderate genetic and prenatal influences.