Prenatal Drug Exposure and Adolescent Drug Use: The Role of HPA Axis Regulation

产前药物暴露和青少年药物使用：HPA 轴调节的作用

• 批准号: 8594621
• 负责人: Stacy Howes
• 金额: $ 5.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8594621
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age; Area; Attention; Biological; Brain; Caregivers; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Chronic; Cocaine; Data; Data Reporting; Data Set; Development; Discipline; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Elements; Emotional; Endocrine; Environment; Exposure to; Fetal Cocaine Exposure; Fetal Development; Genetic Programming; Goals; Grant; Health Policy; Heroin; Home environment; Hormones; Human Development; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Individual; Internships; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Link; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Mentorship; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Neurosecretory Systems; Parenting behavior; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Physiological; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Poverty; Predisposition; Pregnant Women; Problem behavior; Production; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Research Training; Risk; Role; Salivary; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Stress; System; Techniques; Time; Training; Ursidae Family; Videotape; Violence; Youth; adolescent drug use; biological adaptation to stress; experience; fetal drug exposure; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; innovation; intervention program; physical conditioning; psychologic; public health relevance; research and development; response; social; stressor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this training proposal is to provide opportunities to learn new, innovative research methods to study the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis system and how it relates to drug use in a prenatally drug exposed group of adolescents. By creating an internship and taking courses focused on salivary bioscience and the stress response, advanced statistical techniques, and drug dependence, and obtaining further training and mentorship geared towards professional development, this training grant offers the opportunity to become an independent research scientist. According to the toxic stress model, early life adversity (ELA) changes the way the brain and neuro-endocrine response functions. The toxic stress model posits that biological predispositions such as prenatal drug exposure (PDE) can alter the development of the brain and the neuro-endocrine response so that the HPA axis may be dysregulated. The main hormone produced by the HPA system is cortisol, and it is a major indicator of the stress response. Chronically elevated levels of cortisol can have deleterious effects on the brain, including deficits in memory, learning, stat regulating capacities, and socio-emotional development. Atypical cortisol patterns have been reported in children living in environments with ELA and are related to adolescent drug use. Very little is known about the interplay between PDE, ELA, the HPA system, and drug use. The proposed research integrates biological, social, and psychological elements, and human development research increasingly requires this approach. The training plan allows for development and integration of these areas and application to an area of research that is now beginning to gain attention because of the far-reaching implications of the stress response (e.g., mental and physical health). The training and research plan achieve NIDA's goals of bringing science to bear on drug abuse and addiction by 1) examining the association between PDE and adolescent drug use and how they both directly and indirectly relate to HPA axis regulation and2) by conducting research across a broad range of disciplines (biological, social, developmental, and psychological sciences).

描述(由申请者提供)：本培训计划的目的是提供机会学习新的、创新的研究方法，以研究下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴系统及其与产前药物暴露青少年群体中的药物使用的关系。通过建立实习机会，参加以唾液生物科学和压力反应、高级统计技术和药物依赖为重点的课程，并获得面向专业发展的进一步培训和指导，这笔培训赠款提供了成为独立研究科学家的机会。根据毒性应激模型，早期生活逆境(ELA)会改变大脑和神经内分泌反应的功能。毒性应激模型假设，生物易感性，如产前药物暴露(PDE)，可以改变大脑的发育和神经内分泌反应，从而可能导致HPA轴的失调。HPA系统产生的主要激素是皮质醇，它是应激反应的主要指标。长期升高的水平 皮质醇的过量会对大脑产生有害影响，包括记忆、学习、状态调节能力和社会情绪发育方面的缺陷。非典型皮质醇模式在生活在ELA环境中的儿童中已有报道，并与青少年药物使用有关。人们对PDE、ELA、HPA系统和药物使用之间的相互作用知之甚少。拟议的研究综合了生物、社会和心理因素，人类发展研究越来越需要这种方法。培训计划允许发展和整合这些领域，并将其应用于由于压力反应(例如，心理和身体健康)的深远影响而开始受到关注的研究领域。培训和研究计划通过以下方式实现NIDA的目标：1)检查PDE和青少年药物使用之间的联系，以及它们如何与HPA轴调节直接和间接相关；2)通过开展广泛的学科(生物、社会、发展和心理科学)研究，实现NIDA将科学应用于药物滥用和成瘾的目标。