Genetic and food advertisement influences on eating without hunger in children

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童肥胖是美国一个重要的公共健康问题。为了变得超重，儿童必须反复摄入超过生长和日常功能所需的卡路里。消耗多余的卡路里不一定是由饥饿感驱动的。例如，大多数孩子会在吃饱后立即将美味的食物呈现给他们。这种行为的程度，即在没有饥饿的情况下进食（EAH），与儿童超重和体重增加密切相关；然而，人们对影响这种行为的遗传和环境因素知之甚少。在本实验研究中，我们将从普通人群中招募200名9-10岁的儿童参与EAH研究。首先，所有儿童将被喂食一份标准膳食，该膳食提供根据其年龄、性别、身高、体重和活动水平估计每日所需热量的50%。在自由用餐后，孩子将被随机分配观看一个20分钟的动画片，其中嵌入了8个30秒的儿童导向的食品（实验条件）或玩具（控制条件）广告，以及4个中性广告。看完动画片后，孩子会被带到一个有美味食物和玩具的房间10分钟。主要结果将是在10分钟吃零食期间摄入的食物量，主要暴露将是儿童的脂肪量和肥胖相关（FTO）基因rs9939609等位基因的基因型，以及食品与玩具广告的暴露。我们假设至少有一个FTO rs9939609a等位基因拷贝的儿童在吃零食期间会比那些T等位基因纯合的儿童消耗更多的卡路里。我们还假设，具有高风险FTO等位基因的儿童比没有FTO等位基因的儿童更容易受到电视食品广告的影响；也就是说，与TT基因型相比，AA或AT基因型儿童在食品和玩具广告条件下卡路里消耗的相对差异更大。在20名参与者中，我们还将利用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来更好地了解食品广告如何影响儿童。这项初步研究将为未来更有力的遗传因素研究提供信息

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Childhood obesity is a critical public health problem in the U.S. In order to become overweight, children must repeatedly consume calories in excess of those required for growth and daily functioning. Consumption of excess calories is not necessarily driven by feelings of hunger. For example, most children will consume highly palatable food when it is presented to them immediately after they have eaten to satiation. The extent of this behavior, eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), has been strongly associated with overweight and weight gain in children; however, little is known about the genetic and environmental factors that affect this behavior. In this experimental study, we will recruit 200 children who are 9-10 years old from the general population to participate in an EAH study. All children will first be fed a standardized meal that provides 50% of their estimated daily calorie requirements for their age, gender, height, weight, and activity level. After consuming the meal ad libitum, the child will be randomized to view a 20 minute cartoon that has eight embedded 30- second child-directed advertisements for food (experimental condition) or toys (control condition), as well as four neutral advertisements. After watching the cartoon, the child will be taken to a room with highly-palatable foods and toys for 10 minutes. The main outcome will be the amount of food consumed during the 10-minute snacking period and the main exposures will be the child's genotype for the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 allele as well as the exposure to food vs. toy advertisements. We hypothesize that children with at least one copy of the FTO rs9939609 A allele will consume more calories during the snacking period than those who are homozygous for the T allele. We also hypothesize that children with the high risk FTO allele be more affected by television food advertisement exposure than children who do not; i.e. the relative difference in calorie consumption in the food vs. toy advertisement conditions will be greater in children with an AA or AT genotype compared to those with a TT genotype. In a subset of 20 participants, we will also utilize functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in order to better understand how food advertisements affect children. This preliminary study will inform a future, better-powered study on genetic factors that influence the neural response to food advertisements and the association between this neural response and child EAH. If successful, this study will help to determine whether some children are genetically predisposed for EAH, a trait associated with adiposity in children. It will further elucidate whether some children are particularly vulnerable to unhealthy eating behaviors after viewing television food advertisements. The results of our study can inform child obesity intervention and prevention programs as well as public policy regarding television food advertisements during child programming.