Relation Between In-utero Vitamin D and Immune Function in Early Childhood

儿童早期感染和过敏导致相当大的发病率和医疗费用。积累证据 提示维生素D在免疫中起着重要作用。然而，将维生素D状态与患糖尿病风险联系起来的研究 儿童过敏症/过敏和感染是不一致的；有增加和减少的报道。 根据维生素D的状态来判断健康风险。此外，很少有研究探索这一潜力 维生素D受体(VDR)基因型别、维生素D状态与儿童免疫的相互作用 结果。我们的目标是研究孕妇和脐带血中维生素D浓度和婴儿维生素D受体基因 在较大的预期出生队列中，出生后头三年的个人资料与免疫力有关 学习。目前有1000对母子在新汉普郡出生队列中登记 研究(NHBCS)，一项收集有关营养、医疗、环境和 社会人口学因素，以及分娩前后的几个生物标本。NHBCS将 作为生物监测和数据收集的资源，通过问卷、后续访谈和 病历审查。作为拟议研究的一部分，我们将测量母血和脐带血 NHBCS中25-羟基维生素D(25(OH)D)浓度和婴儿VDR基因型别。首先，我们将 研究25(OH)D浓度与前3年免疫结果的关系 生活。特应性/过敏结果将包括特应性/过敏的所有诊断，特别是：特应性皮炎、食物 以及环境过敏、过敏性鼻炎、喘息和哮喘。感染结果将包括所有感染 诊断，特别是呼吸道和胃肠道感染。分析将评估潜力 分娩时的胎龄、肥胖症和母乳喂养/配方奶喂养等因素造成的混乱。 接下来，我们将探讨VDR基因多态性是否与特应性/过敏和 感染结局及其是否改变母血和脐带血25(OH)D之间的关联 专注力和这些结果。这项工作的目标是澄清维生素D与 地位，一个高度可通过补充母亲和/或婴儿改变的因素，与儿童健康 在相关环境和遗传因素背景下的结果。

Early childhood infection and allergies lead to substantial morbidity and health costs. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in immunity. However, the studies relating vitamin D status to risk of atopy/allergy and infection in childhood are inconsistent; there are reports of both increased and decreased health risks according to vitamin D status. Moreover, there are few studies that explore the potential interaction between Vitamin D Receptor {VDR) genotypes, vitamin D status, and childhood immune outcomes. We aim to study how maternal and cord blood vitamin D concentration and infant VDR genetic profile are associated with immunity in the first three years of life within a large prospective birth cohort study. One thousand mother-child pairs are currently being enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS), a study that collects extensive data on nutritional, medical, environmental, and sociodemographic factors, as well as several biological specimens before and after delivery. The NHBCS will serve as a resource for biospecimen and data collection through questionnaires, follow-up interviews and medical record reviews. As part of the proposed study, we will measure maternal and cord blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and infant VDR genotypes in the NHBCS. First, we will study the associations between 25(OH)D concentrations with immune outcomes during the first 3 years of life. Atopy/allergy outcomes will include all diagnoses of atopy/allergy and specifically: atopic dermatitis, food and environmental allergies, allergic rhinitis, wheeze and asthma. Infection outcomes will include all infection diagnoses, and specifically respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Analyses will evaluate potential confounding by factors such as gestational age at delivery, adiposity, and breast-feeding/formula feeding. Next, we will explore whether VDR polymorphisms are independently associated with the atopy/allergy and infection outcomes and whether they modify the association between maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D concentration and those outcomes. The goal of this work is to clarify the association between vitamin D status, a factor that is highly modifiable through supplementation of mothers and/or infants, with child health outcomes in the context of relevant environmental and genetic factors.