Genetic and food advertisement influences on eating without hunger in children

描述(申请人提供)：在美国，儿童肥胖是一个严重的公共健康问题。为了超重，儿童必须反复摄入超过生长和日常功能所需的卡路里。摄入过多的卡路里不一定是由饥饿感驱动的。例如，大多数儿童在吃得饱了之后，会立即食用非常可口的食物。这种行为的程度，即在没有饥饿的情况下吃饭(EAH)，与儿童超重和体重增加密切相关；然而，对影响这种行为的遗传和环境因素知之甚少。在这项实验研究中，我们将从普通人群中招募200名9-10岁的儿童参与EAH研究。所有儿童都将首先得到一份标准膳食，根据他们的年龄、性别、身高、体重和活动水平，提供他们估计的每日卡路里需求的50%。在随意进餐后，儿童将被随机安排观看一部20分钟的卡通片，其中包括8个嵌入的30秒儿童指导的食品广告(实验条件)或玩具(对照条件)，以及4个中性广告。看完动画片后，孩子会被带到一个房间里，里面有非常可口的食物和玩具，时间为10分钟。主要结果将是10分钟零食期间的食物消耗量，主要接触因素将是儿童脂肪质量和肥胖相关(FTO)基因rs9939609等位基因的基因型，以及接触食物和玩具广告的情况。我们假设，至少有一个FTO rs9939609A等位基因的儿童在零食期间会比那些T等位基因纯合的儿童消耗更多的卡路里。我们还假设，携带高危FTO等位基因的儿童比不携带FTO高危等位基因的儿童更容易受到电视食品广告的影响；即在AA或AT基因型的儿童中，食品与玩具广告条件下的卡路里消耗的相对差异将比TT基因型的儿童更大。在20名参与者中，我们还将利用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)来更好地了解食品广告如何影响儿童。这项初步研究将为未来更有力的遗传因素研究提供信息 影响对食品广告的神经反应，以及这种神经反应与儿童EAH之间的联系。如果成功，这项研究将有助于确定一些儿童是否有患EAH的遗传倾向，这是一种与儿童肥胖有关的特征。它将进一步 阐明一些儿童在观看电视食品广告后是否特别容易出现不健康的饮食行为。我们的研究结果可以为儿童肥胖干预和预防计划以及有关儿童节目期间电视食品广告的公共政策提供参考。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Childhood obesity is a critical public health problem in the U.S. In order to become overweight, children must repeatedly consume calories in excess of those required for growth and daily functioning. Consumption of excess calories is not necessarily driven by feelings of hunger. For example, most children will consume highly palatable food when it is presented to them immediately after they have eaten to satiation. The extent of this behavior, eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), has been strongly associated with overweight and weight gain in children; however, little is known about the genetic and environmental factors that affect this behavior. In this experimental study, we will recruit 200 children who are 9-10 years old from the general population to participate in an EAH study. All children will first be fed a standardized meal that provides 50% of their estimated daily calorie requirements for their age, gender, height, weight, and activity level. After consuming the meal ad libitum, the child will be randomized to view a 20 minute cartoon that has eight embedded 30- second child-directed advertisements for food (experimental condition) or toys (control condition), as well as four neutral advertisements. After watching the cartoon, the child will be taken to a room with highly-palatable foods and toys for 10 minutes. The main outcome will be the amount of food consumed during the 10-minute snacking period and the main exposures will be the child's genotype for the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 allele as well as the exposure to food vs. toy advertisements. We hypothesize that children with at least one copy of the FTO rs9939609 A allele will consume more calories during the snacking period than those who are homozygous for the T allele. We also hypothesize that children with the high risk FTO allele be more affected by television food advertisement exposure than children who do not; i.e. the relative difference in calorie consumption in the food vs. toy advertisement conditions will be greater in children with an AA or AT genotype compared to those with a TT genotype. In a subset of 20 participants, we will also utilize functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in order to better understand how food advertisements affect children. This preliminary study will inform a future, better-powered study on genetic factors that influence the neural response to food advertisements and the association between this neural response and child EAH. If successful, this study will help to determine whether some children are genetically predisposed for EAH, a trait associated with adiposity in children. It will further elucidate whether some children are particularly vulnerable to unhealthy eating behaviors after viewing television food advertisements. The results of our study can inform child obesity intervention and prevention programs as well as public policy regarding television food advertisements during child programming.