Mechanisms of exercise maintenance: Cancer prevention in healthy older women

运动维持机制：健康老年女性的癌症预防

• 批准号: 8591136
• 负责人: Courtney Joyce Stevens
• 金额: $ 3.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8591136
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Adopted; Aerobic; Affect; Affective; Age; American; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Breast Cancer Prevention; Burn injury; Calories; Cancer Etiology; Cessation of life; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Diagnosis; Effectiveness; Exercise; Experimental Designs; Feeling; Female; Future; Guidelines; Happiness; Health; Health Sciences; Health behavior; Incentives; Individual; Intervention; Journals; Life; Link; Literature; Maintenance; Mind; Monitor; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Performance; Physical activity; Physiological; Population; Psychology; Psychosocial Factor; Public Health; Quality of life; Randomized; Relative Risks; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Running; Skin Cancer; Specific qualifier value; Sum; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; United States; Weight maintenance regimen; Woman; Women' s Health; Work; age group; aged; base; behavior change; cancer prevention; design; effective intervention; experience; falls; fitness; follow-up; improved; information processing; innovation; interest; intervention program; malignant breast neoplasm; meetings; middle age; novel; older women; physical conditioning; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; response; social; theories; therapy design

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The vast majority of Americans do not engage in enough physical activity (PA) and rates of participation are particularly low for women aged 45 years or older. The association between regular PA and reduced risk for breast cancer is well established with some estimates suggesting that physically active women may be as much as 80% less likely to develop breast cancer compared to physically inactive women. For this reason, there is great public health incentive to increase PA rates among middle-aged women. How best to motivate PA behavior is an area of study in need of a more concrete theoretical framework. Research conducted across several broad areas of psychology including, clinical, social, and health have consistently implicated self-monitoring as an effective intervention for increasing participation in health behaviors (i.e., PA). In terms of what aspects of the PA experience might be most useful to self-monitor, recent work suggests that among the middle-aged female demographic, increased awareness of the immediate benefits PA holds for everyday life (i.e., affect improvement) may be important. The PA-affect relationship may be an especially relevant focus as more favorable affect during and immediately following exercise has been linked to subsequently greater PA intentions and more frequent exercise behavior over time. A crucial limitation of past work studying the PA-affect relationship has been the inherent inability to study the relationship using an experimental design. A specific aim of the proposed study is to address this gap in the literature. Although it is not possible to randomly assign an individual to have a pre-specified affective response to PA, it is possible to randomly assign an individual to attend to a pre-specified aspect of the PA experience through the use of self-monitoring. Specifically, this study will assign women aged 40-60 to self-monitor (by completing daily PA-journals) aspects of the PA experience that are psychological in nature (i.e., affect), physiological in nature (e.g., calories burned etc.), or neutral (i.e., self-reportonly the activity that was performed). The self-monitoring intervention will take part during first mont of study participation only - thereafter, participants will complete follow-up assessments at 3 and 6-months post-baseline that will assess levels of PA participation and other psychosocial variables. In addition to testing the effectiveness of the self- monitoring intervention, an exploratory aim of this project is to examine the mechanisms by which the self- monitoring interventions influenced behavior change and maintenance through a meditational analysis utilizing constructs from a novel theoretical model of PA, the Theory of Physical Activity Maintenance (PAM). The long-term objectives of this project are (1) to better understand the factors that motivate and maintain PA behavior among middle-aged women; and (2) to inform the design of future PA-based interventions and clinical trials focused on promoting women's health generally, and breast cancer prevention efforts specifically. ! ! !

描述（由申请人提供）：绝大多数美国人没有进行足够的体力活动 (PA)，并且 45 岁或以上女性的参与率特别低。定期 PA 与降低乳腺癌风险之间的关联已得到充分证实，一些估计表明，与不运动的女性相比，经常运动的女性患乳腺癌的可能性可能降低 80%。因此，提高中年女性的 PA 率有很大的公共卫生动机。 如何最好地激发 PA 行为是一个需要更具体的理论框架的研究领域。在包括临床、社会和健康在内的多个心理学领域进行的研究一致表明，自我监控是增加健康行为（即 PA）参与的有效干预措施。就 PA 体验的哪些方面可能对自我监控最有用而言，最近的研究表明，在中年女性群体中，提高对 PA 对日常生活的直接好处（即情感改善）的认识可能很重要。 PA-情感关系可能是一个特别相关的焦点，因为运动期间和运动后立即产生的更有利的情感与随后更大的 PA 意图和随着时间的推移更频繁的运动行为相关。过去研究 PA 影响关系的工作的一个关键限制是固有地无法使用实验设计来研究这种关系。拟议研究的一个具体目的是解决文献中的这一空白。 虽然不可能随机分配一个人对 PA 具有预先指定的情感反应，但可以通过使用自我监控来随机分配一个人来关注 PA 体验的预先指定的方面。具体来说，这项研究将指派 40-60 岁的女性进行自我监控（通过完成每日 PA 日记）PA 体验的心理性质（即情感）、生理性质（例如燃烧的卡路里等）或中性的（即仅自我报告所进行的活动）。自我监测干预仅在参与研究的第一个月进行 - 此后，参与者将在 3 点和 3 点完成后续评估 基线后 6 个月将评估 PA 参与水平和其他社会心理变量。除了测试自我监控干预的有效性之外，该项目的一个探索性目的是通过利用 PA 的新颖理论模型（体力活动维持理论（PAM））的构建进行冥想分析，研究自我监控干预影响行为改变和维持的机制。 该项目的长期目标是（1）更好地了解中年女性PA行为的激励和维持因素； (2) 为未来基于 PA 的干预措施和临床试验的设计提供信息，重点是总体上促进妇女健康，特别是乳腺癌预防工作。 ！ ！ ！