IVDIRM: A New Methodology for Examining Drug- and Alcohol-Impaired Driving

IVDIRM：一种检查药物和酒精驾驶的新方法

• 批准号: 8696487
• 负责人: Mark B Johnson
• 金额: $ 52.9万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-15 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8696487
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Americas; Automobile Driving; Biological Assay; Blood Vessels; Cannabis; Case-Control Studies; Communities; Complement; Data; Drug Controls; Drug usage; Feasibility Studies; Geographic state; Growth; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Instruction; Knowledge; Laws; Learning; Leg; Life; Light; Link; Liquid substance; Location; Marijuana; Marijuana Smoking; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Oral; Participant; Performance; Personality; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevalence; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Risk; Risk-Taking; Sampling; Self-Administered; Targeted Research; Testing; Time; United States; Vehicle crash; absorption; alcohol measurement; case control; design; driving behavior; drugged driving; impaired driving performance; in vivo; innovation; public health relevance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Drugged driving is an understudied issue, despite evidence that the prevalence of cannabis-involved drivers on America's roadway is raising. The potential that some states soon will legalize or further decriminalize cannabis use may exacerbate this. Yet the extent to which cannabis use impairs driving and elevates crash risk is not entirely clear. Although most crash-risk studies suggest significantly higher odds of crash involvement for cannabis-positive drivers, these findings are not universal. Further, even studies that do report elevated risk fail to accommodate the alternative explanation that the observed relationship between cannabis-involvement and crashes is spurious and explained wholly by individual differences in risk-taking (i.e., persons with a risk-taking personality are both more likely to take drugs and to drive recklessly). Finally, unique to this study is the opportunity to assess driving performance along the delta-9-terahydrocannabinol (THC) absorption/elimination curve (ascending versus descending). Because the subjective high and vascular effects of cannabis follow a counterclockwise hysteresis, the same concentration (ng/ml) of THC corresponds with two very different effects depending on whether the user is on the ascending or descending leg of curve. This is extremely valuable information given recent discussions in States legalizing marijuana use and determining drug per se levels for driving. Described herein is a new research methodology-the In-Vivo Driving Impairment Research Method-that has potential to fill gaps in the field's understanding of drug-involved driving. Proposed in this application is a study to test the feasibility of this new method.

描述（由申请人提供）：吸毒驾驶是一个研究不足的问题，尽管有证据表明，大麻参与司机在美国的道路上的流行正在上升。一些州可能很快将大麻使用合法化或进一步合法化，这可能会加剧这种情况。然而，大麻的使用在多大程度上损害驾驶和提高撞车风险还不完全清楚。虽然大多数车祸风险研究表明，大麻阳性司机参与车祸的几率显着更高，但这些发现并不普遍。此外，即使是报告风险升高的研究也未能适应另一种解释，即观察到的大麻参与和撞车之间的关系是虚假的，完全可以用冒险的个体差异来解释（即，具有冒险性格的人更有可能吸毒和鲁莽驾驶）。最后，这项研究的独特之处是有机会沿着δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）吸收/消除曲线（上升与下降）评估驾驶性能。由于大麻的主观兴奋和血管效应遵循逆时针滞后，因此相同浓度（ng/ml）的THC对应于两种非常不同的效应，这取决于使用者是在曲线的上升段还是下降段。这是非常有价值的信息，因为最近在各国讨论大麻使用合法化和确定毒品本身的驾驶水平。本文描述的是一种新的研究方法，在体内驾驶损伤的研究方法，有可能填补空白，在该领域的理解涉及药物驾驶。在本申请中提出的是一项研究，以测试这种新方法的可行性。