A Community-based ZT Program: Completing the Model of MLDA Enforcement

基于社区的 ZT 计划：完善 MLDA 执行模型

• 批准号: 7657258
• 负责人: Mark B Johnson
• 金额: $ 69.32万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7657258
• 关键词: 21 year old; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Blood alcohol level measurement; Communities; Community Surveys; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Drunk driving; Effectiveness; Elderly; Environment; Event; Fostering; Injury; Internet; Intervention; Laws; Legal; Literature; Longevity; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mid-Atlantic Region; Minor; Modeling; Participant; Perception; Persons; Physiological; Police; Population; Prevention strategy; Program Sustainability; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relative (related person); Relative Risks; Research; Risk; Sales; Sampling; Savings; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; System; Telephone; Testing; Time; Treatment Efficacy; Vehicle crash; aged; alcohol availability; base; college; combat; cost; cost effectiveness; design; drinking; drinking behavior; driving under influence; environmental intervention; experience; high risk; high risk drinking; intervention effect; killings; legal BAC limit; male; minimum drinking age; model design; prevent; programs; public health relevance; sobriety; social; underage drinker; underage drinking; underage drinking prevention; underage drinking reduction; university student; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although the enforcement of Minimum Legal Drinking Age legislation has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing sales of alcohol to minors, it is less efficacious in environments (such a private parties) where young adults purchase alcohol legally and allow minors access to it. Alcohol-related crash injury is one of the greatest risks facing underage drinkers, yet there is little research on enforcement models developed specifically to deter underage drinking and driving. However, environmental intervention strategies combining active police enforcement of existing DUI laws (such as the .08 legal limit) with widespread publicity regarding the enforcement have been found to reduce drunk driving. Nationwide zero-tolerance legislation makes it illegal for persons younger than age 21 to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in their systems. These successful enforcement-and-publicity strategies used to combat drunk driving may be applied to zero-tolerance legislation to deter underage persons from driving with any amount of alcohol in their systems. This application proposes implementing an enforcement-and-publicity zero-tolerance program in two communities in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Both communities are college towns and have a large number of underage drinkers. The zero-tolerance program will be evaluated using a telephone survey of community residents and a web-survey of university students. In addition, roadside surveys will be used to collect physiological measures of blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) from a random sample of young persons recruited in each community on weekend nights. Roadside surveys will allow direct measurement of reductions in underage drinking and driving. Finally, the longevity and sustainability of the program will be examined by measuring the effect of the intervention for 2 years after it ends and by conducting a cost-benefit analysis (should the program prove successful). Public Health Relevance: More than 5,000 underage persons die in alcohol-related crashes each year. There is a gap in the empirical literature regarding enforcement strategies to deter and reduce underage drinking and driving. This research adapts and extends tried-and-tested drunk driving prevention strategies to the population of underage drinking drivers.

描述（申请人提供）：虽然法律的最低饮酒年龄立法的实施在防止向未成年人出售酒精方面表现出了有效性，但在环境中效果较差。（如私人聚会），年轻人合法购买酒精，并允许未成年人获得它。与酒精有关的碰撞伤害是未成年饮酒者面临的最大风险之一，然而，对于专门为制止未成年人饮酒和驾驶而制定的执法模式，几乎没有进行研究。然而，环境干预战略相结合的积极警察执法现有的酒后驾车法律（如0.08法律的限制）与广泛宣传有关的执法已被发现减少酒后驾车。全国范围内的零容忍立法规定，21岁以下的人在其系统中携带任何可测量的酒精量驾驶是非法的。这些用于打击酒后驾车的成功的执法和宣传战略可适用于零容忍立法，以阻止未成年人在体内含有任何酒精的情况下驾车。该申请建议在大西洋中部地区的两个社区实施执法和宣传零容忍计划。这两个社区都是大学城，有大量未成年饮酒者。零容忍计划将通过对社区居民的电话调查和对大学生的网络调查进行评估。此外，还将利用路边调查，从每个社区周末晚上招募的年轻人中随机抽取样本，收集血液酒精浓度的生理指标。路边调查将允许直接测量未成年人饮酒和驾驶的减少情况。最后，将通过衡量干预措施结束后两年的效果和进行成本效益分析（如果方案证明成功）来检查方案的寿命和可持续性。公共卫生相关性：每年有5,000多名未成年人死于与酒精有关的车祸。关于阻止和减少未成年人饮酒和驾驶的执法策略的实证文献存在差距。这项研究适应并扩展了久经考验的酒后驾驶预防策略，以人口的未成年饮酒司机。