A Community-based ZT Program: Completing the Model of MLDA Enforcement

基于社区的 ZT 计划：完善 MLDA 执行模型

• 批准号: 8494462
• 负责人: Mark B Johnson
• 金额: $ 52.18万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8494462
• 关键词: 21 year old; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Blood alcohol level measurement; Communities; Community Surveys; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Drunk driving; Effectiveness; Environment; Event; Fostering; Injury; Internet; Intervention; Laws; Legal; Literature; Longevity; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mid-Atlantic Region; Minor; Modeling; Participant; Perception; Persons; Physiological; Police; Population; Prevention strategy; Program Sustainability; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relative (related person); Relative Risks; Research; Risk; Sales; Sampling; Savings; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; System; Telephone; Testing; Time; Treatment Efficacy; Vehicle crash; aged; alcohol availability; base; combat; community college; cost; cost effectiveness; design; drinking; drinking behavior; driving under influence; environmental intervention; experience; high risk; high risk drinking; intervention effect; killings; legal BAC limit; male; minimum drinking age; model design; prevent; programs; public health relevance; sobriety; social; underage drinker; underage drinking; underage drinking prevention; underage drinking reduction; university student; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although the enforcement of Minimum Legal Drinking Age legislation has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing sales of alcohol to minors, it is less efficacious in environments (such a private parties) where young adults purchase alcohol legally and allow minors access to it. Alcohol-related crash injury is one of the greatest risks facing underage drinkers, yet there is little research on enforcement models developed specifically to deter underage drinking and driving. However, environmental intervention strategies combining active police enforcement of existing DUI laws (such as the .08 legal limit) with widespread publicity regarding the enforcement have been found to reduce drunk driving. Nationwide zero-tolerance legislation makes it illegal for persons younger than age 21 to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in their systems. These successful enforcement-and-publicity strategies used to combat drunk driving may be applied to zero-tolerance legislation to deter underage persons from driving with any amount of alcohol in their systems. This application proposes implementing an enforcement-and-publicity zero-tolerance program in two communities in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Both communities are college towns and have a large number of underage drinkers. The zero-tolerance program will be evaluated using a telephone survey of community residents and a web-survey of university students. In addition, roadside surveys will be used to collect physiological measures of blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) from a random sample of young persons recruited in each community on weekend nights. Roadside surveys will allow direct measurement of reductions in underage drinking and driving. Finally, the longevity and sustainability of the program will be examined by measuring the effect of the intervention for 2 years after it ends and by conducting a cost-benefit analysis (should the program prove successful).

说明(由申请人提供)：尽管最低法定饮酒年龄法的执行在防止向未成年人出售酒精方面表现出了有效性，但在年轻人合法购买酒精并允许未成年人接触酒精的环境中(如私人聚会)，效果就不那么好了。与酒精相关的车祸伤害是未成年饮酒者面临的最大风险之一，但针对专门阻止未成年人酒后驾车的执法模式的研究很少。然而，环境干预策略被发现将警方积极执行现有的酒后驾车法律(如.08法律限制)与广泛宣传执法相结合，以减少酒后驾车。全国范围内的零容忍立法规定，21岁以下的人在系统中含有任何可测量的酒精含量时开车都是违法的。这些成功的执法和宣传战略用于打击酒后驾驶，可以应用于零容忍立法，以阻止未成年人在系统中含有任何数量的酒精的情况下驾驶。本申请建议在大西洋中部地区的两个社区实施执法和宣传零容忍计划。这两个社区都是大学城，有大量未成年饮酒者。零容忍计划将通过对社区居民的电话调查和对大学生的网络调查进行评估。此外，路边调查将被用来收集血液酒精浓度(BAC)的生理指标，从每个社区在周末晚上招募的年轻人中随机抽样。路边调查将允许直接测量未成年人酒后驾车的减少。最后，将通过测量干预结束后两年的效果并进行成本效益分析(如果该计划被证明是成功的)来检查该计划的持久性和可持续性。