Licit Abused Drugs

合法滥用药物

• 批准号: 8646889
• 负责人: Roland R Griffiths
• 金额: $ 46.36万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-07-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8646889
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Affect; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Anxiety; Awareness; Back; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Beverages; Biological Models; Bolus Infusion; Caffeine; Clinical; Clinical Pharmacology; Clinical Treatment; Clinical Trials; Cocaine; Data; Distress; Dose; Double-Blind Method; Drug Addiction; Education; Failure; Family history of; Genetic; Genetic Determinism; Genetic Markers; Goals; Grant; Health Personnel; Human Volunteers; Hypertension; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Ingestion; Injury; Intervention; Laboratories; Manuals; Measures; Medical; Metabolic; Metabolism; Modeling; Nicotine; Outcome Measure; Panic Attack; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Pregnancy; Prevention education; Procedures; Psychomotor Performance; Relapse; Relative (related person); Research; Research Project Grants; Self Administration; Series; Severities; Sleeplessness; Substance Addiction; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Triazolam; Urinary Incontinence; Withdrawal; Withdrawal Symptom; Work; addiction; alcohol behavior; alcohol measurement; behavior measurement; behavioral impairment; brief intervention; caffeine dependence; daily functioning; drinking; drug of abuse; economic value; gastrointestinal; psychologic; public education; public health relevance; research study; substance abuse prevention; treatment trial; trend; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Caffeine use may cause or exacerbate anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks, hypertension, urinary incontinence, gastrointestinal disturbance, and problems in pregnancy. Some individuals become clinically dependent on caffeine and are unable to cut back or eliminate their caffeine use despite wanting to for medical reasons. For some individuals, caffeine withdrawal symptoms may produce significant distress that is incompatible with daily functioning and sometimes incapacitating. The co-ingestion of caffeine and alcohol has been implicated in increases in reckless behavior and alcohol-related injury, particularly among young adults. A series of studies in human volunteers will extend previous research investigating the clinical pharmacology of caffeine as a model system for understanding drug dependence by studying interactions of caffeine with alcohol and exploring the consequences and determinants of individual differences to caffeine effects. Three studies will investigate whether caffeine increases the reinforcing effects and self-administration of alcohol while concurrently assessing whether consuming caffeine and alcohol together produces greater decrements in perceived impairment compared to objective impairment. The first two of these studies will use acute dosing procedures to characterize interactions of caffeine and alcohol by studying the effects of a range of alcohol doses and caffeine:alcohol dose ratios. The third study will use self-administration and choice procedures to further investigate caffeine-alcohol interactions. These studies could have important implications for both education and regulatory policy about the co-ingestion of caffeine and alcohol. Another set of three studies will explore individual differences to caffeine effects. One study will explore whether individual differences in caffeine choice prospectively predict abuse potential of methlyphenidate, nicotine, and triazolam. Another study will determine whether individual differences in caffeine metabolism might account for the marked individual differences observed clinically in the severity of caffeine withdrawal symptoms. The third study will examine whether a family history of alcoholism is a determinant of individual differences in the inability to quit caffeine use among daily users of caffeine. These three studies will provide new information about biologic and genetic mechanisms of vulnerability to caffeine and substance dependence, with prevention and public education implications. In addition to the above studies, a clinical trial will be undertaken with caffeine dependent individuals who are distressed by their caffeine use and seeking treatment. The trial will compare an effective standard condition with a manual-only and a no-treatment condition. If the manual-only intervention is proven efficacious, it could be implemented in diverse clinical settings by health care providers with no expertise in caffeine dependence treatment. Overall, this project with caffeine as a model substance of dependence will provide information about pharmacological, behavioral, and genetic determinants substance abuse vulnerability, with important substance abuse prevention, treatment, and public education implications.

描述（由申请人提供）：咖啡因的使用可能会导致或加剧焦虑，失眠，惊恐发作，高血压，尿失禁，胃肠道紊乱和妊娠问题。有些人在临床上对咖啡因产生依赖，尽管出于医学原因想要减少或消除咖啡因的使用，但却无法减少或消除。对于某些人来说，咖啡因戒断症状可能会产生与日常功能不相容的显着痛苦，有时甚至会使人丧失能力。咖啡因和酒精的共同摄入与鲁莽行为和酒精相关伤害的增加有关，特别是在年轻人中。在人类志愿者中进行的一系列研究将扩展先前的研究，即通过研究咖啡因与酒精的相互作用并探索咖啡因效应个体差异的后果和决定因素，将咖啡因的临床药理学作为理解药物依赖的模型系统。三项研究将调查咖啡因是否会增加酒精的强化作用和自我管理，同时评估与客观损害相比，咖啡因和酒精一起消费是否会产生更大的感知损害减少。这些研究中的前两项将使用急性给药程序，通过研究一系列酒精剂量和咖啡因：酒精剂量比的影响来表征咖啡因和酒精的相互作用。第三项研究将使用自我管理和选择程序，以进一步研究咖啡因-酒精的相互作用。这些研究可能对有关咖啡因和酒精共同摄入的教育和监管政策具有重要意义。另一组三项研究将探讨咖啡因效应的个体差异。一项研究将探讨咖啡因选择的个体差异是否前瞻性地预测哌醋甲酯、尼古丁和三唑仑的滥用潜力。另一项研究将确定咖啡因代谢的个体差异是否可以解释临床上观察到的咖啡因戒断症状严重程度的显著个体差异。第三项研究将检查酗酒家族史是否是日常咖啡因使用者无法戒断咖啡因使用的个体差异的决定因素。这三项研究将提供有关易受咖啡因和物质依赖影响的生物和遗传机制的新信息，并具有预防和公共教育意义。除了上述研究外，还将对因使用咖啡因而感到痛苦并寻求治疗的咖啡因依赖者进行临床试验。该试验将比较有效的标准条件与仅手动和无治疗条件。如果人工干预被证明是有效的，它可以在不同的临床环境中实施的医疗保健提供者没有专业知识的咖啡因依赖治疗。总的来说，这个项目与咖啡因作为一个模型物质的依赖性将提供有关药理学，行为和遗传因素的信息，药物滥用的脆弱性，重要的药物滥用预防，治疗和公共教育的影响。