Domestication and characterization of TM7-the most elusive oral phylum

摘要： 人类微生物组项目提供了一个全面的微生物清单， 与人体接触下一个挑战是了解它们在人类健康和疾病中的作用， 需要培养感兴趣的物种。与此相关的应用，超过一半的口头 微生物被分类为未培养的微生物类型，包括许多与口腔微生物相关的微生物。 发病机制其中，TM 7门的成员是最神秘的细菌 口腔中的一组。尽管它们在人体部位和其他环境中无处不在， TM 7代表菌株已培养成纯培养物。作为一门含有疑似病原体 与炎性粘膜疾病，特别是牙周炎，TM 7的培养和 研究它们的致病特征已成为微生物学中的“圣杯”。 使用一种新的培养基和富集技术，我们能够减少含TM 7的培养物， 复杂的社区，以双种共培养含有疾病相关的TM 7的类型（TM 7 x） 与作为伴侣菌株的小奇异芽孢杆菌（Atopobium parvulum）或小韦荣球菌（Veillonella vegilica）一起。我们假设， TM 7 x需要特定的伙伴物种，了解它们的关系可能是解决这一问题的关键。 分离TM 7 x的纯培养物。此外，本发明的TM 7 x的半纯培养物和可能的 通过本研究获得的纯TM 7 x培养物将使我们能够研究基因组学， 相互作用和TM 7 x的致病潜力。这个应用程序旨在测试我们的假设， 通过对TM 7 x及其伴侣之间关系的详细分子分析来实现这些目标 对TM 7 x菌株进行了分离纯化，并对TM 7 x菌株的培养基进行了改良，同时探讨了TM 7 x菌株的致病潜力。 这项研究的直接影响是发现了TM 7 x的培养条件和相关的生物学特性。 生物/生理功能。这项研究的长期意义在于为以下方面开辟了一条新的途径： 许多其他尚未培养的潜在致病物种的培养。

Abstract: The human microbiome project has provided a comprehensive inventory of the microorganisms associated with the human body. The next challenge is to understand their role in human health and disease which requires cultivation of the species of interest. Relevant to this application, more than half of the oral microorganisms are categorized as uncultivated phylotypes including many associated with oral microbial pathogenesis. Among them, members of the candidate division TM7 phylum are the most enigmatic bacterial group in the oral cavity. Despite their ubiquitous occurrence in human body sites and other environments, no TM7 representative has been cultivated as pure culture. As a phylum containing suspected pathogens associated with inflammatory mucosal diseases, particularly periodontitis, cultivation of TM7 and the ability to investigate their pathogenic features has become like a "Holy Grail" in microbiology. Using a novel medium and enrichment techniques, we were able to reduce TM7-containing cultures from a complex community to dual-species co-cultures containing the disease associated TM7 phylotype (TM7x) together with Atopobium parvulum or Veillonella atypica as partner strain. We hypothesize that the growth of TM7x requires specific partner species and that understanding their relationship may be the key for isolating pure culture of TM7x. Furthermore, the present semi-pure cultures of TM7x and the possible pure TM7x cultures obtained through this study will enable our ability to study genomics, interactomics and the pathogenic potential of TM7x. This application aims to test our hypothesis and achieve these goals through detailed molecular analyses of the relationship between TM7x and its partner species, improving the medium for cultivating pure TM7x, as well as exploring its pathogenic potential. The immediate impact of the study is the discovery of cultivation conditions for TM7x and the associated biological/physiological functions. The long-term significance of the study is the creation of a new pathway for cultivation of many other yet-to-be cultured potentially pathogenic species.