Columbia University-Southern African AIDS International Training/Research Program

哥伦比亚大学-南部非洲艾滋病国际培训/研究项目

• 批准号: 8663335
• 负责人: QUARRAISHA ABDOOL KARIM
• 金额: $ 78.36万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-06-01 至 2015-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8663335
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acute; Address; Advisory Committees; Africa; African; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Area; Breast Feeding; Centers of Research Excellence; Collaborations; Consultations; Country; Decision Making; Drug Resistant Tuberculosis; Epidemic; Equilibrium; Faculty; Funding; Future; Goals; Grant; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV vaccine; Health; Infection; International AIDS; Investigator-Initiated Research; Joints; Journals; Knowledge; Leadership; Learning; Lesotho; Medical Students; Mentorship; Monitor; Multicenter Studies; Namibia; Nature; Paper; Pathogenesis; Peer Review; Policy Maker; Prevention; Prevention program; Publishing; Reliance; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Research Training; Role; Science; South Africa; Southern Africa; Swaziland; Technology; Training; Training Programs; Tuberculosis; Universities; Writing; arm; base; meetings; microbicide; novel strategies; pandemic disease; prevent; programs; response; scale up; skills; success; treatment program; vector transmission

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed training program builds on the successes and lessons of the previous 14 years to meet the new emerging and evolving challenges of a maturing HIV epidemic in southern Africa, the epicenter of the global HIV pandemic. The 125 long-term and 186 short-term trainees of the current program continue to have a major impact through their leadership roles globally and locally, as their research generates new knowledge in areas such as HIV pathogenesis in acute HIV infection, new prevention technologies (including antiretrovirals to prevent breastfeeding transmission, vector-based HIV vaccines and antiretroviral microbicides), and new approaches to treating HIV-TB co-infection. The trainees have published 894 peer- reviewed papers including several in high impact journals like Science, Nature and the Lancet. The emergence of HIV-associated drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), the implementation of the largest AIDS treatment program in the world and the dire need for evidence to guide decision-making as South Africa transitions from its denialist past to a politically enlightened future under a new Minister of Health, have created a set of new challenges and opportunities for the next cycle of this program. Building on the substantive science base, extensive research infrastructure and local expertise created through this program, the rich tapestry of in-country AIDS and TB studies, the strategic collaborations within and outside South Africa, and the new opportunities to leverage funding from other agencies, the proposed program will continue to identify trainees with the most potential, offer them high quality training both in South Africa and the USA and provide them with ongoing support to create a critical mass for an effective response to the HIV and TB epidemics in southern Africa. The proposed program sets about this task well armed with the most valuable lessons learnt in the past decade such as the importance of long-term in-country mentorship, ongoing training in grant writing and administration, strategic partnering to maximize training opportunities, recruitment of candidates in consultation with local productive research groups and the value of having joint USA and South African faculty in raising the standard of in-country training. Guided by the ongoing assessment of training priorities and with careful oversight from a balanced US- SA Training Advisory Committee, that includes several previous trainees who are now senior investigators, we will continue to provide, as appropriate, a variety of short-to-medium, and long-term training opportunities in the USA, South Africa, Swaziland, Namibia and Lesotho. The emphasis of the program in the next cycle is to i) address critical training gaps in existing HIV and TB centers of research excellence in South Africa to meet the new emerging challenges in the HIV epidemic, ii) provide support and mentorship for young investigators, especially medical students, and iii) provide the training critical to the efforts of South African AIDS research to transition from the current reliance on multicenter studies to a more sustainable balanced portfolio with increased levels of investigator-initiated research. The goal is to strengthen and expand the existing number of independent HIV and TB research teams in southem Africa; strengthen local capacity to assume more of the region's training needs and developing the skills needed to assist policy makers with evidence to implement and monitor the scale-up of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs.

描述（由申请人提供）：这一拟议的培训方案以过去14年的成功经验和教训为基础，以应对全球艾滋病毒流行的中心——南部非洲日益成熟的艾滋病毒流行病所带来的新出现和不断演变的挑战。目前项目的125名长期学员和186名短期学员继续通过其在全球和地方的领导作用产生重大影响，因为他们的研究产生了急性艾滋病毒感染中的艾滋病毒发病机制、新的预防技术（包括预防母乳喂养传播的抗逆转录病毒药物、基于载体的艾滋病毒疫苗和抗逆转录病毒杀微生物剂）以及治疗艾滋病毒-结核病合并感染的新方法等领域的新知识。这些学员已经发表了894篇同行评议论文，其中包括几篇在《科学》、《自然》和《柳叶刀》等高影响力期刊上发表的论文。与艾滋病毒相关的耐药结核病的出现，世界上最大的艾滋病治疗方案的实施，以及在南非从否认的过去过渡到在新卫生部长领导下政治开明的未来之际，迫切需要证据来指导决策，这些都为该方案的下一个周期带来了一系列新的挑战和机遇。在坚实的科学基础、广泛的研究基础设施和通过该项目创造的当地专业知识、丰富的国内艾滋病和结核病研究、南非国内外的战略合作以及利用其他机构资助的新机会的基础上，拟议的项目将继续确定最有潜力的学员。在南非和美国为他们提供高质量的培训，并为他们提供持续的支持，以便为有效应对南部非洲的艾滋病毒和结核病流行建立一个临界质量。拟议的项目以过去十年中获得的最有价值的经验教训为基础，如长期国内指导的重要性、拨款写作和管理方面的持续培训、最大化培训机会的战略伙伴关系、与当地富有成效的研究小组协商招聘候选人，以及在提高国内培训标准方面拥有美国和南非联合教员的价值。在对培训重点进行持续评估的指导下，在一个平衡的美国-南非培训咨询委员会的仔细监督下，我们将继续酌情在美国、南非、斯威士兰、纳米比亚和莱索托提供各种短期至中期和长期培训机会。该委员会包括几名以前的受训人员，现在是高级调查员。下一个周期方案的重点是：1)解决南非现有艾滋病毒和结核病卓越研究中心的关键培训缺口，以应对艾滋病毒流行病中出现的新挑战；2)为年轻研究人员，特别是医科学生提供支持和指导；提供对南非艾滋病研究的努力至关重要的培训，使其从目前对多中心研究的依赖转变为更可持续的平衡组合，增加研究者发起的研究水平。目标是加强和扩大南部非洲现有的独立艾滋病毒和结核病研究小组的数量；加强地方能力，以承担更多的区域培训需求，并发展所需的技能，以证据协助决策者实施和监测扩大艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防和治疗方案。