Columbia University-Southern African AIDS International Training/Research Program

哥伦比亚大学-南部非洲艾滋病国际培训/研究项目

• 批准号: 8309572
• 负责人: QUARRAISHA ABDOOL KARIM
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-06-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8309572
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acute; Address; Advisory Committees; Africa; African; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Area; Breast Feeding; Centers of Research Excellence; Collaborations; Consultations; Country; Decision Making; Drug Resistant Tuberculosis; Epidemic; Equilibrium; Faculty; Funding; Future; Goals; Grant; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV vaccine; Health; Infection; International AIDS; Investigator-Initiated Research; Joints; Journals; Knowledge; Leadership; Learning; Lesotho; Medical Students; Mentorship; Monitor; Multicenter Studies; Namibia; Nature; Paper; Pathogenesis; Peer Review; Policy Maker; Prevention; Prevention program; Publishing; Reliance; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Research Training; Resources; Role; Science; South Africa; Southern Africa; Swaziland; Technology; Training; Training Programs; Tuberculosis; Universities; Writing; arm; base; meetings; microbicide; novel strategies; pandemic disease; prevent; programs; public health relevance; response; scale up; skills; success; treatment program; vector transmission

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed training program builds on the successes and lessons of the previous 14 years to meet the new emerging and evolving challenges of a maturing HIV epidemic in southern Africa, the epicenter of the global HIV pandemic. The 125 long-term and 186 short-term trainees of the current program continue to have a major impact through their leadership roles globally and locally, as their research generates new knowledge in areas such as HIV pathogenesis in acute HIV infection, new prevention technologies (including antiretrovirals to prevent breastfeeding transmission, vector-based HIV vaccines and antiretroviral microbicides), and new approaches to treating HIV-TB co-infection. The trainees have published 894 peer- reviewed papers including several in high impact journals like Science, Nature and the Lancet. The emergence of HIV-associated drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), the implementation of the largest AIDS treatment program in the world and the dire need for evidence to guide decision-making as South Africa transitions from its denialist past to a politically enlightened future under a new Minister of Health, have created a set of new challenges and opportunities for the next cycle of this program. Building on the substantive science base, extensive research infrastructure and local expertise created through this program, the rich tapestry of in-country AIDS and TB studies, the strategic collaborations within and outside South Africa, and the new opportunities to leverage funding from other agencies, the proposed program will continue to identify trainees with the most potential, offer them high quality training both in South Africa and the USA and provide them with ongoing support to create a critical mass for an effective response to the HIV and TB epidemics in southern Africa. The proposed program sets about this task well armed with the most valuable lessons learnt in the past decade such as the importance of long-term in-country mentorship, ongoing training in grant writing and administration, strategic partnering to maximize training opportunities, recruitment of candidates in consultation with local productive research groups and the value of having joint USA and South African faculty in raising the standard of in-country training. Guided by the ongoing assessment of training priorities and with careful oversight from a balanced US- SA Training Advisory Committee, that includes several previous trainees who are now senior investigators, we will continue to provide, as appropriate, a variety of short-to-medium, and long-term training opportunities in the USA, South Africa, Swaziland, Namibia and Lesotho. The emphasis of the program in the next cycle is to i) address critical training gaps in existing HIV and TB centers of research excellence in South Africa to meet the new emerging challenges in the HIV epidemic, ii) provide support and mentorship for young investigators, especially medical students, and iii) provide the training critical to the efforts of South African AIDS research to transition from the current reliance on multicenter studies to a more sustainable balanced portfolio with increased levels of investigator-initiated research. The goal is to strengthen and expand the existing number of independent HIV and TB research teams in southem Africa; strengthen local capacity to assume more of the region's training needs and developing the skills needed to assist policy makers with evidence to implement and monitor the scale-up of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This program is a critical training resource for strengthening the institutional science base for undertaking pivotal HIV and TB research in the epicenter of the HIV pandemic to enhance responses to the HIV and TB epidemics in South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho and Namibia

描述(由申请者提供)：这项拟议的培训计划建立在过去14年的成功和教训的基础上，以应对在全球艾滋病毒大流行的中心南部非洲日益成熟的艾滋病毒流行的新出现和不断演变的挑战。当前计划的125名长期受训人员和186名短期受训人员通过他们在全球和当地发挥的领导作用继续产生重大影响，因为他们的研究在以下领域产生了新的知识：艾滋病毒在急性艾滋病毒感染中的发病机制、新的预防技术(包括防止母乳喂养传播的抗逆转录病毒、以媒介为基础的艾滋病毒疫苗和抗逆转录病毒杀菌剂)，以及治疗艾滋病毒和结核病合并感染的新方法。受训者已经发表了894篇同行评议的论文，其中包括几篇发表在《科学》、《自然》和《柳叶刀》等高影响力期刊上的论文。艾滋病毒耐药结核病(TB)的出现，世界上最大的艾滋病治疗计划的实施，以及南非在新任卫生部长的领导下从否认主义的过去过渡到政治开明的未来，迫切需要证据来指导决策，这些都为该计划的下一个周期创造了一系列新的挑战和机遇。通过这一计划建立的坚实的科学基础、广泛的研究基础设施和当地的专业知识、国内艾滋病和结核病研究的丰富织锦、南非国内外的战略合作以及利用其他机构资金的新机会，拟议中的计划将继续寻找最具潜力的受训人员，在南非和美国为他们提供高质量的培训，并为他们提供持续支持，以建立有效应对南部非洲艾滋病毒和结核病流行的临界人群。拟议的方案充分利用了过去十年中学到的最有价值的经验教训，如长期国内指导的重要性、赠款撰写和管理方面的持续培训、最大限度地增加培训机会的战略合作伙伴关系、与当地生产性研究团体协商招募候选人，以及美国和南非联合教员在提高国内培训标准方面的价值。在持续评估培训优先事项的指导下，在一个平衡的美南培训咨询委员会的认真监督下，我们将继续酌情在美国、南非、斯威士兰、纳米比亚和莱索托提供各种短期到中期和长期的培训机会。该计划在下一个周期的重点是：i)解决南非现有艾滋病毒和结核病卓越研究中心的关键培训差距，以应对艾滋病毒流行中新出现的挑战；ii)为年轻研究人员，特别是医科学生提供支持和指导；iii)提供对南非艾滋病研究工作至关重要的培训，以努力从目前对多中心研究的依赖过渡到更可持续的平衡组合，增加研究人员发起的研究水平。目标是加强和扩大东南部非洲现有的独立艾滋病毒和结核病研究小组的数量；加强当地承担该地区更多培训需求的能力，并发展必要的技能，以协助决策者提供证据，以实施和监测艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防和治疗方案的扩大。 公共卫生相关性：该方案是一个重要的培训资源，用于加强机构科学基础，在艾滋病毒大流行的中心开展关键的艾滋病毒和结核病研究，以加强对南非、斯威士兰、莱索托和纳米比亚艾滋病毒和结核病流行的反应。