Interaction of Air Pollution and Psychosocial Stress on Cardiovascular Disease.

7.项目摘要/摘要 这项建议试图了解空气污染和心理社会压力之间的相互作用 炎症和亚临床心血管疾病。在乔尔·考夫曼博士的指导下，这 培训和研究计划将以Hajat博士在社会流行病学方面的专业知识为基础，并为她准备 研究社会和环境因素的关系及其对心血管疾病的影响的职业。在K99期间 在这一阶段，哈贾特博士将通过授课和自主学习获得1)生物学方面的额外培训 应激和心血管疾病2)空间统计方法和3)暴露产生和评估。这次培训将 在Hajat博士迈向独立研究的过程中，为她提供跨学科的技能和知识 职业生涯。在K99阶段，Hajat博士将描述应激生物标志物的程度， 邻里层面的心理社会压力源和个人层面的心理社会压力源在空间上是相关的 与环境空气污染物，特别是空气动力学直径2.5米的颗粒物，二氧化氮， 氮和黑碳的氧化物。这项工作将建立在Hajat博士之前使用多种族 动脉粥样硬化研究(MESA)，一项招募的老年人队列中亚临床心血管疾病的纵向研究 来自全美六个大都市。在完成该奖项的培训阶段后，Hajat博士将 在项目的R00阶段进行研究，将她转变为独立调查员。 本研究的目的是(1)评估空气污染与心理社会压力的协同效应。 (客观和主观测量)炎症标志物(C-反应蛋白、白介素6和 纤维蛋白原)以及不同血管床内膜测量的动脉粥样硬化进展 中层厚度、冠状动脉钙化和踝臂指数以及(2)进行交叉研究，其中 使参与者暴露在来自吸入设施的柴油废气(DE)和基于实验室的心理 压力测试，以评估两种暴露对生理结果(如血液)的协同效应 血压、心率变异性、儿茶酚胺水平和IL-6。R00阶段的研究提出 MESA和国民健康与营养两个现有互补数据来源的流行病学研究 考试调查，一个横截面的全国代表性的美国人口样本。这两项研究 拥有关于空气污染、心理社会应激源、炎症和亚临床心血管疾病的数据，并共同捕获 更大的地理面积和整个生命过程中的人口。R00阶段还建议进行 实验研究。这项研究将在全国为数不多的受控吸入设施之一进行 受试者将同时暴露在DE和实验室产生的急性精神应激源中。敏锐的精神 在心理学中经常使用的压力暴露将包括执行一项演讲任务和一项 算术任务。了解空气污染和心理社会压力的协同效应将有助于推动 我们对环境健康差异背后的生物学机制的理解。

7. Project Summary/Abstract This proposal seeks to understand the interaction between air pollution and psychosocial stress on markers of inflammation and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Under the mentorship of Dr. Joel Kaufman, this training and research plan will build upon Dr. Hajat's expertise in social epidemiology and prepare her for a career studying the nexus of social and environmental factors and their impact on CVD. During the K99 phase, Dr. Hajat will use didactic instruction and independent study to gain additional training in 1) the biology of stress and CVD 2) spatial statistical methods and 3) exposure generation and assessment. This training will provide Dr. Hajat with interdisciplinary skills and knowledge as she moves towards an independent research career. During the K99 phase Dr. Hajat will characterize the extent to which biomarkers of stress, neighborhood-level psychosocial stressors and individual level psychosocial stressors are spatially correlated with ambient air pollutants, specifically particulate matter <2.5 ¿m in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and black carbon. This work will build upon Dr. Hajat's previous work using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a longitudinal study of subclinical CVD in a cohort of older adults recruited from six metropolitan areas across the US. Upon completion of the training phase of this award, Dr. Hajat will undertake research during the R00 phase of the project that will transition her to an independent investigator. The aims of this research are (1) to assess the synergistic effects of air pollution and psychosocial stress (measured objectively and subjectively) on markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen) as well as on the progression of atherosclerosis in different vascular beds, measured by intima media thickness, coronary calcification and ankle brachial index and (2) to conduct a crossover study which exposes participants to both diesel exhaust (DE) from an inhalation facility and a laboratory-based mental stress test to assess the synergistic effect of both exposures on physiological outcomes such as blood pressure, heart rate variability, catecholamine levels and IL-6. The research in the R00 phase proposes epidemiologic studies of two complementary extant data sources, MESA and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of the US population. Both studies have data on air pollution, psychosocial stressors, inflammation and subclinical CVD and together capture a larger geographic area and populations across the life course. The R00 phase also proposes conducting an experimental study. The study will be conducted in one of the nation's few controlled inhalation facilities where subjects will be exposed to both DE and a laboratory generated acute mental stressor. The acute mental stress exposure, which is often used in psychology, will consist of administering a speech task and an arithmetic task. Understanding the synergistic effects of air pollution and psychosocial stress will help advance our understanding of the biological mechanisms behind environmental health disparities.