Interaction of Air Pollution and Psychosocial Stress on Cardiovascular Disease.

7.项目概要/摘要 该提案旨在了解空气污染与心理社会压力之间的相互作用， 炎症和亚临床心血管疾病（CVD）。在乔尔考夫曼博士的指导下， 培训和研究计划将建立在Hajat博士在社会流行病学方面的专业知识基础上， 研究社会和环境因素的关系及其对CVD的影响。在K99 在第一阶段，Hajat博士将使用教学指导和独立研究来获得1）生物学 2）空间统计方法和3）暴露生成和评估。本次培训将 为Hajat博士提供跨学科的技能和知识，因为她走向独立的研究 事业在K99阶段，Hajat博士将描述压力的生物标志物， 邻里水平的心理社会压力源和个体水平的心理社会压力源存在空间相关性 环境空气污染物，特别是空气动力学直径<2.5微米的颗粒物，二氧化氮， 氮氧化物和黑碳。这项工作将建立在Hajat博士以前的工作使用多民族 动脉粥样硬化研究（MESA），一项在招募的老年人队列中进行的亚临床CVD纵向研究 来自美国六个大都市的在完成该奖项的培训阶段后，Hajat博士将 在项目的R00阶段进行研究，这将使她成为一名独立的研究者。 本研究的目的是（1）评估空气污染和心理社会压力的协同效应 （客观和主观测量）炎症标志物（C-反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和 纤维蛋白原）以及不同血管床中动脉粥样硬化的进展，通过内膜测量 中膜厚度、冠状动脉钙化和踝臂指数;（2）进行交叉研究， 将参与者暴露于吸入设施和实验室心理环境中的柴油废气（DE） 压力测试，以评估两种暴露对生理结果的协同效应， 血压、心率变异性、儿茶酚胺水平和IL-6。R00阶段的研究提出， 流行病学研究的两个互补的现存数据来源，MESA和国家健康和营养 考试调查，美国人口的横截面全国代表性样本。两项研究 有关于空气污染、心理社会压力源、炎症和亚临床心血管疾病的数据， 更大的地理区域和整个生命过程中的人口。R00阶段还建议进行 实验研究这项研究将在美国为数不多的受控吸入设施中进行， 受试者将暴露于DE和实验室产生的急性精神应激源。急性精神病 压力暴露，这是经常使用的心理学，将包括管理一个语音任务和一个 算术任务了解空气污染和心理压力的协同效应将有助于促进 我们对环境健康差异背后的生物机制的理解。

7. Project Summary/Abstract This proposal seeks to understand the interaction between air pollution and psychosocial stress on markers of inflammation and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Under the mentorship of Dr. Joel Kaufman, this training and research plan will build upon Dr. Hajat's expertise in social epidemiology and prepare her for a career studying the nexus of social and environmental factors and their impact on CVD. During the K99 phase, Dr. Hajat will use didactic instruction and independent study to gain additional training in 1) the biology of stress and CVD 2) spatial statistical methods and 3) exposure generation and assessment. This training will provide Dr. Hajat with interdisciplinary skills and knowledge as she moves towards an independent research career. During the K99 phase Dr. Hajat will characterize the extent to which biomarkers of stress, neighborhood-level psychosocial stressors and individual level psychosocial stressors are spatially correlated with ambient air pollutants, specifically particulate matter <2.5 ¿m in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and black carbon. This work will build upon Dr. Hajat's previous work using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a longitudinal study of subclinical CVD in a cohort of older adults recruited from six metropolitan areas across the US. Upon completion of the training phase of this award, Dr. Hajat will undertake research during the R00 phase of the project that will transition her to an independent investigator. The aims of this research are (1) to assess the synergistic effects of air pollution and psychosocial stress (measured objectively and subjectively) on markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen) as well as on the progression of atherosclerosis in different vascular beds, measured by intima media thickness, coronary calcification and ankle brachial index and (2) to conduct a crossover study which exposes participants to both diesel exhaust (DE) from an inhalation facility and a laboratory-based mental stress test to assess the synergistic effect of both exposures on physiological outcomes such as blood pressure, heart rate variability, catecholamine levels and IL-6. The research in the R00 phase proposes epidemiologic studies of two complementary extant data sources, MESA and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of the US population. Both studies have data on air pollution, psychosocial stressors, inflammation and subclinical CVD and together capture a larger geographic area and populations across the life course. The R00 phase also proposes conducting an experimental study. The study will be conducted in one of the nation's few controlled inhalation facilities where subjects will be exposed to both DE and a laboratory generated acute mental stressor. The acute mental stress exposure, which is often used in psychology, will consist of administering a speech task and an arithmetic task. Understanding the synergistic effects of air pollution and psychosocial stress will help advance our understanding of the biological mechanisms behind environmental health disparities.