The role of precarious work in the production of health disparities in older ages

不稳定工作在老年人健康差异中的作用

• 批准号: 9589215
• 负责人: Anjum Hajat
• 金额: $ 32.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9589215
• 关键词: Affect; Age; American; Area; Automation; Businesses; Characteristics; Chronic; Color; Contracts; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Economic Conditions; Economics; Elderly; Employment; Environment; Ethnic Origin; European; Fissural; Future; Gender; Growth; Health; Health behavior; Immigrant; Individual; Intervention; Labor Unions; Life Cycle Stages; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Health; Modeling; National Longitudinal Survey of Youth; Nature; Occupations; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Production; Psychosocial Stress; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Role; Services; Social Policies; Techniques; Time; Wages; Woman; Work; base; career; cohort; health disparity; healthy lifestyle; improved; insight; mortality; mortality disparity; novel; panel study of income dynamics; population based; racial disparity; social; trend; work-study

ABSTRACT Educational disparities in health have been persistent over time and space; however, evidence to explain these disparities have been less forthcoming. The well-educated are thought to have better health for several reasons: less chronic psychosocial stress, healthier lifestyles and better employment and economic conditions. Our objective is to provide an in-depth exploration of the pathway through which employment impacts health, using novel and sophisticated approaches to the conceptualization, measurement and analysis of precarious work--poor employment conditions characterized by instability, lack of protection and insecurity--to better understand its role in educational disparities in health. Given the modifiable nature of employment, we believe work is a critical and deserving determinant for future study which is poised to improve the health of millions of Americans. To examine the role of precarious work in explaining educational disparities in health, we will use two complementary representative longitudinal data sources: the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) with extensive data on the quality of employment and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) with a rich set of health indicators. The NLSY and PSID have been following a cohort of Americans for 40 and 50 years respectively. This project aims first, to construct a longitudinal work history, including metrics of precarious work for PSID and NLSY cohorts. This will entail three different measurement approaches one of which aims to create multidimensional clusters based on seven domains that have been theorized to reflect precarious work. Multidimensional measures of precarity have not yet been evaluated for a cohort of US workers nor with longitudinal data. Measures of precarity will also reflect current, cumulative and age-defined (i.e. early-, mid- and late-career) time periods across the life course. Using these measures of precarity, the study will evaluate the mediating role of precarious work in explaining educational disparities in self-reported health (SRH), mental health, and mortality. Mediation analysis will be conducted using a cutting-edge causal inference technique: mediational g-formula. In addition, the study seeks to compare the contribution of precarious work relative to the contribution of other mediating pathways such as health behaviors and hazardous working conditions in producing educational disparities in these same health outcomes. Lastly, using a difference-in-difference approach the study will examine how state-level policies that affect precarious work are associated with health disparities by examining the effects of two state-level policies (right to work and minimum wage) on SRH, mental health, and mortality disparities by exploiting policy changes over time and variability between states. Our study will provide insights into the importance of precarious work as a pathway by which educational disparities in health are created and maintained. Given the modifiable nature of work this study has the potential to improve the health of millions of American workers.

抽象的 随着时间和空间，健康的教育差异一直存在。但是，可以解释这些的证据 差距较少。据称，受过良好教育的几个人的健康状况会更好 原因：慢性社会心理压力，更健康的生活方式以及更好的就业和经济状况。 我们的目标是对途径进行深入的探索，从而影响就业影响健康， 使用新颖而复杂的方法来概念化，测量和分析不稳定的方法 工作 - 贫穷的就业条件以不稳定，缺乏保护和不安全感为特征 - 更好 了解其在健康中的教育差异中的作用。鉴于就业的可修改性质，我们相信 工作是未来研究的至关重要的决定因素，有望改善数百万的健康状况 美国人。为了研究不稳定的工作在解释健康差异中的作用，我们将使用 两个互补的代表性纵向数据来源：全国对青年的纵向调查 （NLSY）拥有有关就业质量和收入动态小组研究（PSID）的大量数据 一组丰富的健康指标。 NLSY和PSID一直在关注40和50的美国人队列 分别分别。该项目首先要构建纵向工作历史，包括 PSID和NLSY队列的不稳定工作。这将需要三种不同的测量方法 旨在根据理论上反映的七个域创建多维集群 不稳定的工作。尚未评估我们同类的多维衡量标准 工人或纵向数据。不稳定的度量也将反映当前，累积和年龄定义 （即早期，中期和晚期）整个生活课程的时期。使用这些不稳定的措施， 研究将评估不稳定工作在解释自我报告中的教育差异中的中介作用 健康（SRH），心理健康和死亡率。调解分析将使用尖端的因果 推理技术：中介G形式。此外，该研究旨在比较 相对于其他中介途径（例如健康行为和）的贡献，不稳定的工作 在这些相同健康结果中产生教育差异的危险工作条件。最后， 使用差分差异方法，研究将研究如何影响不稳定的状态政策 工作与健康差异有关，通过检查两种国家级政策的影响（工作权） 通过利用政策变化，对SRH，心理健康和死亡率差异的最低工资） 和国家之间的变异性。我们的研究将提供有关不稳定工作的重要性的见解 建立和维持健康方面的教育差异的途径。考虑到可修改的性质 工作这项研究有可能改善数百万美国工人的健康。