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The role of precarious work in the production of health disparities in older ages

不稳定工作在老年人健康差异中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10232073
负责人：
Anjum Hajat
金额：
$ 34.5万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-15 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10232073
关键词：
Affect Age American Area Automation Businesses Characteristics Chronic Color Contracts Data Data Set Data Sources Economic Conditions Economics Elderly Employment Environment Ethnic Origin European Fissural Future Gender Growth Health Health behavior Immigrant Individual Intervention Labor Unions Life Cycle Stages Measurement Measures Mediating Mediation Mediator of activation protein Mental Health Modeling National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Nature Occupations Outcome Pathway interactions Patient Self-Report Policies Population Positioning Attribute Prevalence Production Psychosocial Stress Recording of previous events Reporting Research Role Services Social Policies Techniques Time Wages Woman Work base career cohort health disparity healthy lifestyle improved insight mortality mortality disparity novel panel study of income dynamics population based racial disparity social determinants trend work-study

项目摘要

ABSTRACT Educational disparities in health have been persistent over time and space; however, evidence to explain these disparities have been less forthcoming. The well-educated are thought to have better health for several reasons: less chronic psychosocial stress, healthier lifestyles and better employment and economic conditions. Our objective is to provide an in-depth exploration of the pathway through which employment impacts health, using novel and sophisticated approaches to the conceptualization, measurement and analysis of precarious work--poor employment conditions characterized by instability, lack of protection and insecurity--to better understand its role in educational disparities in health. Given the modifiable nature of employment, we believe work is a critical and deserving determinant for future study which is poised to improve the health of millions of Americans. To examine the role of precarious work in explaining educational disparities in health, we will use two complementary representative longitudinal data sources: the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) with extensive data on the quality of employment and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) with a rich set of health indicators. The NLSY and PSID have been following a cohort of Americans for 40 and 50 years respectively. This project aims first, to construct a longitudinal work history, including metrics of precarious work for PSID and NLSY cohorts. This will entail three different measurement approaches one of which aims to create multidimensional clusters based on seven domains that have been theorized to reflect precarious work. Multidimensional measures of precarity have not yet been evaluated for a cohort of US workers nor with longitudinal data. Measures of precarity will also reflect current, cumulative and age-defined (i.e. early-, mid- and late-career) time periods across the life course. Using these measures of precarity, the study will evaluate the mediating role of precarious work in explaining educational disparities in self-reported health (SRH), mental health, and mortality. Mediation analysis will be conducted using a cutting-edge causal inference technique: mediational g-formula. In addition, the study seeks to compare the contribution of precarious work relative to the contribution of other mediating pathways such as health behaviors and hazardous working conditions in producing educational disparities in these same health outcomes. Lastly, using a difference-in-difference approach the study will examine how state-level policies that affect precarious work are associated with health disparities by examining the effects of two state-level policies (right to work and minimum wage) on SRH, mental health, and mortality disparities by exploiting policy changes over time and variability between states. Our study will provide insights into the importance of precarious work as a pathway by which educational disparities in health are created and maintained. Given the modifiable nature of work this study has the potential to improve the health of millions of American workers.

摘要健康方面的教育差距在时间和空间上一直存在;然而，解释这些差距的证据差距不大。受过良好教育的人被认为有更好的健康，原因是：慢性心理社会压力较小，生活方式更健康，就业和经济条件更好。我们的目标是深入探讨就业影响健康的途径，使用新颖和复杂的方法来概念化，测量和分析不稳定的工作-以不稳定、缺乏保护和不安全为特点的恶劣就业条件-以改善了解其在健康教育差距中的作用。鉴于就业的可变性，我们认为，工作是未来研究的一个关键和值得的决定因素，这将改善数百万人的健康状况。美国人为了研究不稳定工作在解释健康教育差异方面的作用，我们将使用两个互补的代表性纵向数据来源：全国青年纵向调查（NLSY）提供有关就业质量的广泛数据，以及收入动态小组研究（PSID），丰富的健康指标。NLSY和PSID一直在跟踪一组40岁和50岁的美国人年分别。该项目的目标首先是构建一个纵向的工作历史，包括为PSID和NLSY同伙提供不稳定的工作。这将需要三种不同的衡量方法，它旨在根据七个领域创建多维集群，不稳定的工作尚未对美国队列研究中的多维度的前病变指标进行评估。工人也没有纵向数据。不稳定性的衡量标准也将反映当前的、累积的和年龄定义的 (i.e.职业生涯早期、中期和晚期）的时间段。使用这些不稳定性的措施，一项研究将评估不稳定工作在解释自我报告的教育差异方面的中介作用。健康（SRH）、心理健康和死亡率。调解分析将使用一个尖端的因果关系进行推理技术：中介g公式。此外，该研究还试图比较不稳定的工作相对于其他中介途径的贡献，如健康行为和危险的工作条件在这些相同的健康结果中产生教育差异。最后，使用差异中的差异方法，该研究将研究如何影响不稳定的州一级政策，通过研究两项州一级政策（工作权）的影响，利用随着时间的推移政策的变化，和国家之间的差异。我们的研究将深入了解不稳定工作作为一种职业的重要性这是造成和维持健康教育差距的途径。鉴于可修改的性质，这项研究有可能改善数百万美国工人的健康状况。